276 REPORT 4, UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
Instead of a single nozzle, there may be two or more used by simplj 
changing the construction of the discharge-pipe, as in Fig. 3, which 
represents one made for the use of three nozzles. 
The nozzle seems to embrace about all that is decidedly novel in this 
apparatus. Mr. Ruhmaun's cone-deflectors are also used by him on this 
pump and upon its three-branched pipe. The cone-nozzles and their 
combination with the pump may be seen in Plate XLIV, Figs. 2 and 3. 
This pump has been used several times in these experiments. In get- 
ting bent easily, it is like all the pumps having single-walled, thin cyl- 
inders, and the piston does not fit perfectly, so there is an excess of 
overflow. 
The A. J. Polansky Spray -pump is that described in patent No. 238430, 
March 1, 1881, by Mr. A. J. Polansky, of Fayetteville, Fayette County, 
Texas. Here also I find no novel points of special value in the pump 
proper, but the combination with his sprinkler nozzle is covered. The 
latter, as described on p. — . (see Plate XXIII, Figs. 3 and 4), consists 
of a vessel having peripheral perforations and a deflecting flange with 
a simple device for returning the drip to the reservoir. These arrange- 
ments are only slightly different from Mr. Schier's. 
Schier's Spray pump, being made by Mr. John Schier, of Ellinger, 
Tex., is represented in Plate XLII, Fig. 4. The device, w, for spray- 
ing and returning the drip is described already (see Plate XXIII, 
Figs. 1 and 2). A modified form of the nozzle for use on a hose has 
also been described. On the discharge spout, a, is mounted a link, a?, as 
a lever-fulcrum, and below this is a large perforated cup, e, which fits 
as a bung in the perforated top of a barrel, or other reservoir, and still 
lower is the cylinder, c, in which the piston, p, is operated by the lever, 
/. The cylinder-top is so low that the overflow back into the barrel is 
not observed. The strainer and valve arrangements are essentially 
the same as in the pumps just described. The pipe, a, probably con- 
tains an air-chamber inside of or surrounding its discharge-passage. 
Pumps having lever, piston, cylinder, and stock proportioned sim- 
ilar to the latter, but with somewhat different discharge, were described 
in patent papers by Mr. John Butmau, of Milan, Ohio, in No. 178230, 
June 6, 1876, and by Mr. T. K. Ball, of Maysville, Ky., in No. 195076, 
September 11, 1877. The latter claims an agitator, which should be 
described in this connection, as shown in Plate XLII, Fig. 3, where b 
represents the cylinder, h its suction-end, and c its piston-rod, to which 
are attached the stirrer rods, d d, bearing the dasher-plates, 7c. These 
are moved up and down with the piston, and by their churning action 
keep the other substances mixed with the water. 
An important step in the construction of cheap sheet-metal pumps was 
made by Mr. J. G. Evenden, of Chicago, 111., as claimed in his patent 
No. 140022, reissue No. 5864, May 12, 1874. His first claim is "In a 
hand-pump for liquid vessels, the combination of a pump cylinder 
