286 REPORT 4, UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
trifling cost. The principal drawback to it as at present constructed 
by Mr. Binkley is that it is made in one piece, so that in case a larger 
object obstructs the oiifice there is some difficulty in removing the 
same. 
"This defect could be easily remedied by making the cone in two 
pieces, the nozzle itself to be screwed on to the basal or soldered piece- 
The plates and the orifices should be thoroughly cleansed and dried 
after use, in order to prevent rusting. The machine with four spouts, as 
in the figure, throws the spray over six or seven rows, but its capacity 
is easily increased by lengthening the transverse pipe (c). Its cost is 
less than 810. 
"After witnessing this machine in operation, I am satisfied that the 
atomizing principle is a most valuable one, and that with modified con- 
ducting pipes or tubing, so as to throw the spray from near the ground 
up into the plants and on the under surface of the leaves, as in Mr. 
Daughtrey's machine, it will give great satisfaction because of its cheap- 
ness and simplicity. 
u The Good in Sprinkler.—? This machine, invented by Mr. James L. 
Goodin, of Montgomery, Tex. (patent 'So. 198014, December 11, 1S77), 
is represented by the accompanying cuts. [Fig. 4 of Plate LTV] is a top 
view, and Fig. 3 a side view of the same. The letter A represents a tank 
or any other vessel to receive the poisoned liquid. 
"In the lower part of the forward end of the tank, A, is secured a discharge-pipe, B, 
the inn j r end of which is provided with a valve or ordinary sirup-faucet. The stem, 
C, of the valve or faucet passes up through a hole in the fop of the tank, A, and its 
upper end is pivoted to the end of a lever, D, which is pivoted to a short standard, 
E. attached to the top of the tank, A. 
'■To the forward end of the pipe, B, is attached a cross-pipe, F, from the forward side 
of the center and ends of which project short pipes, G, having heads, H, attached to 
their forward ends. The heads, H, are perforated with numerous small holes. The 
pipes, B F, are jointed as shown in the drawing, so that they may be lengthened or 
shortened as circumstances may require." 
Wolfram's Machine. — One of the more receut machines is that repre- 
sented in Plate LI. It is patented, No. 241377, May 17, 1881, by Mr. 
John A. Wolfram, of Meyersville, De Witt County, Texas. This de- 
vice is specially interesting as another attempt to poison the under- 
surfaces of plants, and this is expressed by Mr. Wolfrain as follows: 
"The object thereof is to construct such machines or devices in a man- 
ner as will render tu^m easy of operation, and sprinkle the plants from 
above, below, or underneath the leaves at one and the same time, 
thereby touching every portion of the plant and so destroying every 
insect that may be on it without any unnecessary waste of the poison- 
ous liquid." The constructions and operations of these devices he de- 
scribes as follows : 
"In the accompanying drawings A represents a suitable reservoir or tank for hold- 
ing the poisonous liquid^ said tank being seenred in any suitable manner to a carriage 
or truck, 1». 
