288 REPORT 4, UNITED STATES ENTOMOLOGICAL COMMISSION. 
in the machines of Johnson, Goodin (Plate LIV, Figs. 3 and 4), 
Daughtrey (Plate XXXVI), and others, but in the special details of 
this pipe system some few features of interest appear. Aside from the 
extension of the nozzle branches to near the ground, there is the ro- 
tary joint, A", allowing the laterally-extending main arms to be folded 
backwards, and thus to narrow the apparatus for passing through gates, 
&c, while the whole system of pipes can be tilted up by the operation 
of a lever to allow all to be carried above stumps or in turning. 
N~ew Machine and improved Accessories for Under spraying Cotton. — In 
this connection should be noticed some machinery specially devised 
and perfected for applying the poison from below and above. The 
general plan of the machine is in accordance with Professor Eiley's 
ideas and instructions, but many of the details have been devised and 
wrought out by myself in carrying on the work. The description of 
the machine has already appeared as advance matter from this report 
in the annual report of the United States Entomologist for 1881-82. 
It may first be described as represented in Plate XL VI, and fche acces- 
sories in Plates XLVII, XLIX, and XLVI should be considered in 
connection with it, as also the results of some experiments made since 
this was written. 56 
This machine is transported by combination with a wagon or cart or 
other suitable vehicle, and consists of a skid, bearing a barrel or other 
poison receptacle, the force-pump and stirrer operated therein, the hose- 
pipe leading from the pump-spout and communicating with the several 
branched pipes which terminate in nozzles carried or trailed beneath 
the plants to deliver the poison spray upward onto the under surfaces of 
the foliage. 
The skid is a simple frame to hold the horizontal barrel from rolling, 
and consists of two pieces, Fig. 1, a a, of wood, about the length of the 
barrel, and in section about 3 by 4 inches, joined parallel apart from 
each other by two cleats, b b. The inner, upper angles may be cut to 
match the curve of the barrel, as at c c. The barrel being placed upon 
this frame is next to be filled. 
A good device for mixing the poison thoroughly with the water and 
for filling the barrel is shown in section in Fig. 2. It consists of a 
large funnel, that will hold a bucketful, and has cylindrical sides, g g, 
that rest conformant on the barrel. In this is a gauze or finely-perfo- 
rated diaphragm, or septum, d, and a funnel-shaped base, t with its 
spout, p, inserted through the bung. The Paris green or other pow- 
der is to be put in the funnel and to be washed through the fine perfo- 
rations, by the water which is poured or pumped in through it into the 
barrel, k. Thus no lumps of poison can enter, and the grains of poison 
being thoroughly wet and separated remain better suspended in the res- 
ervoir. Where Hour or other adhesive material or diluent of the powder 
is to be used such ingredients should be washed in first and the poison 
afterwards. A one-half inch discharge-spout delivers volume enough 
for an eight-row machine like the one before us. 
