CONDUITS, PORTAGE, LTC. 
295 
tached, and is designated by the letters o w v o t, &c. The Y-fprks, t y n, 
are the same as have been described. Each of these is joined, at i\ to 
a side branch of the pipe on the side-bar. Such a branch is shown at 
9 b, Plate XLIX, Fig. 8. This branch is preferably made of a piece of 
tube cut very diagonal and sweated on over a hole in the arm-pipe. 
The diagonal cut gives it a much longer attachment, and the acute angle 
can bo more easily rilled or braced, at i\ than conld a right angle. Even 
Where a right-angled fork is desired it had better be formed in this way 
and then have a curve to bring its distal parts to a right-angled direc- 
tion. The straight part fthoWD in Fig. 8 can be very short, and thus 
have only the length of a coupling, or it may extend as an entire long 
section leaching to the next branch. In the latter case the machine 
will embrace fewer pieces and be simpler in construction. The sections 
Of pipe upon the frame are preferably joined together by shea:hcoup- 
lings of hose with single wraps of wire or metal bands. The main 
branch, o, of this pipe-system is connecte d by a hose to the spoilt of a 
force-pa mp, operated as in Plates XLYI and XLYll. Any suitable 
force-pump may be used; bat that described (p. 282) and illustrated 
(Plate X.LVI) is probably the best. 
This machine is probably the broadest one ever put on wheels. It 
poisons sixteen rows at one time, a strip about 00 feet or 20 yards wide. 
Yet the whole concern is light, and as I tested it in the cotton, the pull- 
ing was easy work lor two horses. This is about the maximum size 
that can be used practically, and experience may demonstrate that it is 
better to use a narrower, more wieldy machine and drive at greater 
Speed. One of the smallest force-pumps of the trade with a ; t J inch or 
g-incli spout supplies it with Sufficient liquid and pressure without being 
tiresome work for one man, and with my nozzles it required only 10 to 
15 gallons to poison an acre, whereas, before their introduction, 40 
gallons or more were required. By these devices the poison can be 
more evenly and sparsely diffused, and one-third the amount of poison 
thus applied will be equally as effective as the whole amount admin- 
istered with the other devices now known. With large cotton more 
poison and more water should be distributed} so the amount of water 
with these nozzles will probably vary from 10 to 25 gallons per acre, 
and the poison in proportion. After the pipes are once cleared of rub- 
bish, the strainer on the pump prevents clogging material from reach- 
ing the nozzles and there is comparatively little difficulty from choking 
of the outlets. When this does occur each nozzle is readily opened to 
remove any obstructing object. At the outset it is desirable to pump 
very rapidly until the pipes are filled, all the air is out, and a good 
pressure established equally upon all the jets; then the spray will be 
discharged regularly, filling the rows with a very fine mist, which poi- 
sons all surfaces of the plant but especially the under-surfaces, where 
the poison will be practically permanent to destroy existing worms or 
prevent others thereafter. 
