GRAVITATIONAL ; SPRINKLERS. 
237 
rejKiir the machine or put it together without engaging a plumber. 
And this is a weighty reasou why hose couplings only should be em- 
ployed in all tubing that must be manipulated by those who are not 
plumbers. The principles here set forth will also find application in 
many other machines. 
Another method of setting the system of nozzles wider apart or 
nearer together to suit fields having rows of different widths is the 
simplest, as effected by the A-frames. In these it is only necessary to 
shift one bolt on the cross-bar and all the branches at once are thereby 
approximated or sepaiated to suit narrower or wider rows without 
necessitating the alterations of any pipe-joint. The diehotomous sys 
tern of pipes thus adjusted upon any suitable conveyance gives excel- 
lent satisfaction and is employable with any suitable forcing medium, 
for bellows, gravitation, pumps, and gas generators have been utilized 
by me in testing these systems. The engagement of gravitation in this 
connection will next be considered. 
VI. GRAVITATIONAL DISTRIBUTORS. 
FOB LK,»rii) POISON. 
In these only the weight of the liquid or the gravitational force is 
engaged for spraying or sprinkling. The devices under this heading 
may be classed as, 1, Wheeled, Horse back, .">, Knapsack, and, 4, 
Hand automatic sprinklers. 
Wheeled Automatic 1 Sprinklers. — Closely related to the forego- 
ing apparatuses is another appearing in Plate L. This 1 have called The 
Tripod A utofnatic Sprinkler. The frame is triangular upon legged-whcels 
at its corners, its two lateral corners with extension-arms spliced upon 
the cross-piece and not radially placed, while its front is provided with 
shafts, and on top is mounted a tripod with a windlass, pulley, and rope 
for lifting and holding suspended at a considerable height the barrel of 
poison as shown. The whole poisons twelve rows at one time, or a strip 
about 40 feet wide. It is drawn easily by a single mule and requires but 
one man. the driver, to operate it. He rides upon a seat near t he front 
and can work the windlass to lift the poison from the ground to such a 
height that gravitation gives the pressure for sqnirting. The legs are 
arches (of iron : , { inch by 3 inches thick | pivoted to the frame and clamped 
to it by nuts upon their bolts (1 inch thick) at the top. Through the lower 
extremity of the forked legs is the iron bolt, Which serves as the axle of the 
wheel. Common wagon or cart wheels, having the hub filled with a tight 
plug perforated bj an axial hole suited to turn, or turn upon, the iron bolt, 
answer for use in the legs, saving the expenseof making special ones at 
much cost lor the machine. The top pivots of the leg-arches also bolt the 
rear cross-bar, and the two diagonal bars and these parts with the wheels 
also may be set wider or narrower to other holes in the cross-bar. The 
