THE BOLL WORM CHARACTERS .\M» l'KANSt-'oRMATIONS. O? I 
ings had been normal (See, also, report of Judge Lawrence C. John- 
son, Rep. Ent., Dept. Ag., 1881-'82, p. 150.) The length of time which 
Ileliothis remains in the pupa state in the cotton fields in midsummer 
varies from seven to ten days. In spring and in fall the time may 
lengthen to fifteen, twenty, or even more. Ordinarily the insect goes 
on propagating till frost, but occasional instances are met with where a 
pupa will remain quiescent from early in September. and oven in August, 
on through the winter. 
The pupa may be described as follows: 
Length, 20 mm (0.8 inch) ; color, light mahogany brown, darker toward head. Head 
covered with small, faint granulations and with a few shallow transverse impressed 
lines anteriorly ; also a few irregular impressions behind the eye ; abont mid way from 
the posterior angle of the eye and the posterior border* of the head is an unproaecd 
puncture, from which a short, stiff hair arises; there is also another shallow trian- 
gular impression on the medio-dorsal line near the posterior border of the head. The 
whole dorsal surface of the thoracic joints is finely punctate, and is covered with irreg- 
ular, shallow, impressed, tnMVUM lines; the inctat horacic joint is much wrinkled 
dorsally. The surface of the abdominal joints is similarly sculptured; the anterior 
margins of joints 4 to 7 are coarsely punctured ; joint 4 has but few punctures, but on 
5, 6 and 7 they are numerous; the more anterior of these punctures are dee]), and they 
extend posteriorly into long, shallow, longitudinal impr» -sions ; the posterior dorsal 
margins of each of these joint s an- eo\ . red with dark-brown grannlat ions of differing 
forms. The other joints, except the last. have nothing peculiar ni their structure: 
the List joint is rounded and furnished at the tip with t wo loug. slender, black spines. 
Ventrally the last and the penultimate joints have i ich a deep longitudinal medial 
impressed line. Wing, leg and antennal eases covered with shallow puuctui es. 
The imago (Plate III, Figs. 7, 8, 9). — As we have already stated, 
Ileliothis armigera is an extremely variable species, as would naturally 
be expected from its multitudinous food-plants and its almost unlimited 
distribution. 
In general color the moths vary from a dull ocher -yellow to a dull 
olive-green. The two extremes are well shown upon the plate at fig- 
ures 7 and 8. In these figures the normal type of markings is also 
shown, but in this respect, also, there is great variation. Many individ- 
uals exhibit almost immaculate front wings, while in others the typical 
markings are deepened far more than in the figures. In a general expe- 
rience covering some twenty years with this moth, as found in corn-fields 
in the West, and covering some half-dozen years in the cotton-fields of 
the South, we believe that the former are on an average brighter col- 
ored and darker than the latter. The markings of the hind wings, al- 
though much more constant than those of the fore wings, vary princi- 
pally in the breadth and depth of color of the dusky band on the hinder 
margin, and in the size of the light spots within this band. With the 
figures, and the description already quoted (p. 358) of the form called 
umbrosus no more extended popular characterization of the moth will 
be necessary. 
The position of the moth when at rest is characteristic, or at least- 
distinguishes it radically from Aletia. The latter, it will be remembered, 
