THE BOLL WORM HIBERNATION. 
373 
three broods feed usually in corn-fields. The first brood makes its ap- 
pearance about the 1st of May or a little before, and feeds almost 
exclusively upon the leaves and terminal buds of corn. The second 
brood, appearing in early June, feeds upon the tassels and forming ears; 
and the third brood, which corresponds nearly with the second brood 
at the North, appears in July and feeds upon the hardening corn, bor- 
ing through the husks and pupating underground, as its predecessors 
have done. At the time of the appearance of the next brood, however, 
the kernels of corn have become hard, and in preference the moths 
oviposit upon cotton, which at this time bears many bolls of a suffi- 
ciently tender age. Previous to this, however, worms will have been 
found upon cotton which have attained their full growth, with no other 
food than the leaves and flowers of this plant. These cases are, how- 
ever, exceptional, although by no means \ cry rare. Other crops on the 
plantation sutler from these worms during the early part of the season, 
and in speaking of the early corn feeding habits we are treating only 
of the bulk of the brood. 
The first time, then, that the Uoll Worms are to be seen in force upon 
cotton is about the first of Auuust, and these worms are usually repre- 
sentatives of the fourth brood. Our observers are unanimous in stating 
that from this point there are two broods on cotton, the second brood be- 
ginning about the second or third week in September and entering the 
ground to pupate from the first to the middleof October. Occasionally the 
final transformation for the season may take place considerably earlier. 
Thus Dr. O. YY. Smith Vaniz h;i± reported a worm which entered the 
ground September 22 and remained in the pupa state all winter. Nor- 
mally, in fact, the Holl Worms disappear some time before the Cotton 
Worms do. Here, again, in treat ing of the last two broods upon cotton 
we speak only of the bulk of the brood, for some few larva* are always 
to be (blind feeding npon the hard kernels of corn until late in the Fall. 
If, as we have stated, there are. three normal broods a year as far 
north as New .Jersey, Ohio, and Northern Illinois, then in South Caro- 
lina, North Georgia, Tennessee, and Arkansas there are probably four 
broods and as many as six in South Texas and Florida. 
HIBERNATION. 
There can be no doubt whatsoever that the normal method of hiberna- 
tion is in the pupa state. We have already described the pupa cell, and 
given the dates for the disappearance in the fall and the appearance 
of the moths in the spring ; so little more need be said under this head. 
Concerning the moths which, induced by a warm autumn, issue too late 
to find food for their progcuy, we are at a loss to say what becomes of 
them. Judging from analogy, it would seem as if there were nothing 
to prevent them from hibernating; yet the fact remains that among the 
enormous number of moths either captured by us or our assistants, or 
sent to us by correspondents, daring the past four years, as hibernating 
