REPORTS OF DR. E. H. ANDERSON. 
[39] 
others, but never saw them attack an insect. I have made it a special object to no- 
tice the habits of the different insects visiting the cotton flower, to satisfy myself as to 
its reputed nectar glands, aud often observed bees especially visiting those at the 
base of the involucre. They invariably visited each gland, passing from ti >wer to 
flower, and repeating the operation. The larger bees confined themselves to the luter 
glands, while the smaller invariably went within the flower and came out loaded v> ich 
pollen. I saw the Boll Worm moth also visit the outer glands, but, though having 
often watched, have not seen the midrib gland visited, though have frequently fo'> ad 
it filled with a sweet. The nectar glands have been so fully and ably treated by Mr. 
Trelease, and the visits of the moth to them verified by Professor Riley, as to c itab- 
lish the fact and reveal a new feature in the natural history of this interesting insect. 
In my investigation this season, I had the opportunity of seeing the jute growing 
in the midst of cotton. It had been planted in May, and when I saw it, late in Au- 
gust, had attained the height of 8 to 10 feet, and was luxuriant. The row, about 200 
feet long, was surrounded by cotton, the row of jute running parallel with the rown 
of cotton, and the worms were abundant on the cotton in the midst of the jute and 
touching their leaves. Its effect was nihil. 
Among the insects found eating cotton late in August was Satuntia io, the Corn Em- 
peror Moth. It appeared in a small field of cotton near Canton, and would doubtless 
have stripped the cotton had it not been hand-picked and destroyed. It probably 
reached the cotton by migration, as a garden adjoined the field. Their conspicuous 
size made it an easy matter to find them, and hence their destruction could be easily 
effected by brushing them oft* and crushing. 
I have met with but one larva that I did not recognize as having been described by 
other observers, and that one I found preying upon Alt-tin larva- in the act of pupa- 
tion,and found it so frequently as to induce me to think it quite destructive to this 
insect. This I sent to the Department for identification. 
The London purple was tried under my supervision in two ways, wet and dry. 
The dry powder mixed with cotton-Heed meal and flour in the proportion of one 
to thirty, and dusted over a small area, and in a short time the worms ceased to eat, 
sickened and died. The dry process, without proper sifters or (lusters, would be im- 
practicable over large areas, and without proper distribution would prove injurious 
to the plant and could only be used to advantage while the dew is on or just beforo 
a rain. Its effects, however, seem to be quite permanent as the worms continued to 
die lor some time at'tei the application, though showers continued to fall. The dry 
a pplication would require greater precaution on the part of t he operator, and may 
be considered less safe than the wet. The wet in the proportion of I pound to 40 
gallons of water proved equally effective, and with a good fountain pump may be 
used without any risk. Alter the wet application the worms continued to die for 
several weeks, though several hard rains had fallen in the mean tiuie, and while the 
leaves showed to a small extent the effect of the poison, the plant generally re- 
tained its freshness, while adjoining un sprinkled cotton was stripped bare. I think 
the result of these experiments will inspire confidence in the use of poisons in this 
locality and do away with much of the piejudice heretofore existing in regard to 
them, especially as the gentlemen, Sinith-Vaniz Hrothers, upon whose plantation they 
were made, are prominent members of the County Agricultural Club and intelligent 
and skilful farmers. As to London purple as an insecticide, in t he proportions above 
mentioned, there is no doubt of its entire efficacy, aud as it is both cheap and perma- 
nent in its operation it must eventually come into general use. As my opportunities 
for experiments with poisons this season have been limited, I should have occasion 
for regret did I not know that abler and far more expert hands have been engaged in 
this work elsewhere. 
By direction of Professor Riley I have given more attention to experiments with 
pyrethrum extract and yeast. The only preparation I could obtain was the extract 
furnished me by Professor R. W. Jones, of Oxford, and prepared by himself, and at his 
suggestion I used it in the propirtion of one to thirty of water. This I applied by 
sprinkling over the worms on the plants. Iu several minutes after the application 
the younger worms ceased to eat and fell to the ground ; the older ones ceased like- 
wise to eat, and in three or four minutes commenced writhing, and in twenty miuutes 
all were on the ground, and soon in a torpid conditition and apparently paralyzed. 
As this was done in the afternoon, I cannot say whether they revived or not, though 
I found none on the ground, and but few on the plants. My belief is that they died. 
My next experiment was upon a number of large caterpillars found upon a rue plant. 
These, though greatly larger than the Cotton Worm, seemed more sensitive to the 
effects of the pyrethrum, as they showed great irritation at once, and in a few moments 
commenced writhing, and in five minutes all were in a torpid state on the ground. 
There were twenty on the plant. On my return in two days I found four on the 
plant and one dead on the ground. 
My next experiment was upon young and old Cotton Worms, and, as in the first case, 
the young succumbed in a few moments, and the older ones in fifteen minutes, when 
