NOTES. 
[117] 
age for transportation by rail or to the field. Sncli a system has given great satisfaction 
bj its convenience, as well as by allowing no obstacles to enter the nozzles. In spite 
of the most perfect precautions clogging will occur at the outset or before high press- 
ure is attained, chiefly from the scales of iron separating from the interior of ihe 
pipe as loosened by rusting and jarring. With the finest nozzles (one sixty-fourth 
ineh discharge) these seem to cause no more difficulty than with a standard beveled 
one-sixteenth inch discharge. The nozzle faces may be removed to let out any ob- 
stacle! which with low pressure are apt to clog the outlet and stop the internal rota- 
tion. But a high pressure should always be used, and when this is once up the 
• mi let may be pricked with a pin, and it will discharge with an almost explosive force, 
in>tantlv "starting an inconceivably rapid internal rotation, which, while sustained 
with due pressure, will by its centrifugal action prevent any particle from again 
finding the center of rotation from which the discharge takes place. This is espe- 
cially true of the smallest nozzles, having an outlet just large enough to admit the 
Insertion of a pin. As previously set forth, the inner edge of the outlet should gen- 
erally be square or sharp. In the eddy chamber a great hydraulic pressure is gen- 
erated, so great that by thumb pn ssure the discharge cannot he stopped. The power 
tli, rein accumulated under high pressure is sufficient to cut through and disintegrate 
any obstructing part hies or fragments, except those of the hardest kind, which are 
bo heavy as to fly off from the center by their weight and momentum when the ve- 
locity of rotation is once up or quickly starts. 
The top adjustments of the descending pipes are very important. These tops 
maj be variously hung, combined, or constructed. A know ledge of the irregulari- 
ties of ordinary cotton fields, such as appear chieily in crooks of the rows and in va- 
riations of width between them, prevents the idea of ■ stiff, anadjnstable attachment 
of the tops of the pipes, winch must travel between and more or less against the 
rows. Conformity to all inequalities of the ground, its numerous ups and downs, its 
dead furrows, ditches, stones, and stumps, should likewise be attained. It must also 
be evident that a large, st ill' apparatus is difficult to haul about, as it cannot betaken 
entire through gates except with much labor. Of course it is possible to disjoint 
the parts beforehand, and then screw them together tight afterwards when the 
field is reached. This, however, is hardly practicable. In fact the separating and 
joining of stilf metal joints by field hands is a failure. Plumber's tools are necessary 
for this purpose. The held Laborer of the South screws up the joint too tight, too 
loos.-, or in such form as to spoil the screw-threads. Again, the joints become rusted 
together and a vise must be engaged. The stiff system also requires that very heavy 
pipe be used, asthe leverage on long pipe arms enables them to suffer great strain, 
to become luoken oil easily at the end w here the thread for the j int is cut, whereas 
with flexile joints no leverage power, but only tensile strain can be brought to bear. 
In the latter case very light tubing can be employed w ith economy in material, cost, 
labor, and salvage of cot ton. Moreover, only by such light flexile apparatus can any 
considerable-number of rows be treated at once from beneath. These facts have 
been substantiated by tests of stiil' and of flexile apparatus this season more fully 
than they were by the Atlanta tests, in which one light machine undersprayed 
eighteen lows of cotton, a strip '20 yards w ide, at a single drive. The tests this year 
have been not only of st iff conned ions, hut also of t he constructions w hereby adjust- 
- ability of the descending pipes is effected automatically and by hand. These have 
already been noticed above or in the previous reports in so far as they pertain to the 
stem or body of the pipe or its distal appendages; hence, next in order may be con- 
sidered more specifically and in natural sequence the construction and arrangements 
of the tops of i hese pipes as planned and tested by me : 
I. The stiff hanging tubes have been tried, as already set forth, in firm union with 
a stiff back-pipe or cross-pipe such as appears in many of the patented sprayers, as 
Johnson's, I >a ugh t rev's, dfco., while sufficient objections to this arrangement for un- 
derspraying have already been presented. It is the first construction which natu- 
rally suggests itself to any plumber or other mechanic, but presents no special adap- 
tation for the purpose, as has been shown this season and previously. 
II. The extremist opposite construction to the foregoing is attained by having 
radiating llexile tubes from the main to the descending pipes, instead of a straight 
and stiff cross-pipe. By this arrangement the hanging pipes are swung apart or 
nearer together independently, and set on a cross-bar or on diverging bars, at spaces 
to suit rows having dilferent courses or, widths. 
By way of variation the tubes may radiate only for a part of the distance, and for 
a space run close beside each other along a supporting bar before reaching the de- 
scending parts. The parts upon the support are preferably of metal, and slide readily 
in peculiarly Locked hooks, as simple, easily separable attachments, specially devised 
for this purpose. Where the descending parts have flexibility to some extent they 
may drag in thecottou in turning, as stated above. It is shown that they thus do no 
noteworthy harm to the plants; also that they themselves do not suffer injury. This 
llexile construction is simple, and generally preferable in combination with the 
