NOTES. 
heights. The ratc het for vortical adjustment subserved this purpose satisfactorily. 
When it is desired to spray the base and interior of the plants from beneath, the 
nozzle arms must necessarily he carried near or on the ground, and with medium to 
small cotton this method also sprays the top sufficiently well, but if the growth be 
heart and dense it proves better to set the forks higher for more thoroughly poison- 
ing the tops. 
The stirrer pump worked admirably ; but a larger pump of the same kind was 
necessary to treat a greater number of rows, to ascertain how large a number it is 
possible or advisable to spray at a time. While the large pump was being cou- 
st meted mid shipped the time limited by my orders expired. 
Four iows may be set as the number it is most practical to treat at a time with 
tin kind of machine in question. 
Tin- springs of the fork-arms should be larger and have a longer bend than in 
* !■<• NMnplej taken, since the unyielding attachment of the stem-pipes to the stiff sup- 
porting pipe above throws on the springs much greater strain than occurs in the 
machines having descending parts hung to operate independently of each other. 
Until my time had expired worms were not abundant enough to study the etfeets 
on them of the coarser and §ner sprays applied, but the coarser spray was more in- 
jurious to tho foliage with poisons, and still more so with petroleum. 
The standard form of eddy-chamber nozzle was used with discharges of different 
sizes. The smallest discharge holes, of ^ to of an inch diameter, with very high 
pressure, gave the moat letiatectorj results. 
The "actual cost, and the actual area covered by a given amount of liquid," vary 
groetil with the width between the rows, the sizes ot' t he sprays and of the plants, 
with the number of nozzles, with the amount of pressure applied and the volume 
capacity of the pump, the velocity at which the machine is drawn, &c. On account 
of the complexity of the question, and especially because of leakage from imperfect 
pine-joints and ibr want of other and larger apparatus, the question could not be 
solved with any exactness. 
Note 57 (p. 3'2f>). — The text of this editorial has been given on p. 37, where it is 
also shown that Mr. Stelle's claim is unwarranted. We have thought it of suftic ient 
historical interest to show upon what the claim was based, and the following passages, 
copied verbatim from a report made by him while employed by the commission, in 
accordance with instructions to prepare an account of the past history of the insect, 
is of interest in this connection. The full report is not published, because it is little 
more than a compilation from the Department report for 18? 'J— often word l«.r word: 
" In June of [s?o, the National Agriciilt oral Congress was organized at, Saint Louis, 
Mo., and Trot'. (J. V. Riley, who was present and took part in the organizat ion, de- 
livered before the body a lecture on economic entomology. Allusion to the cotton 
worm was made in the course of the h-ct nre. w hich lead (General William II. Jackson, 
of N.i-di v ille, Tenn., and I >r. J. (). Wharton, of l Yrr\ . M i»., t o ask for t hi' suggest ion 
of a remedy. In response, Professor Riley gave it as his opinion that Paris green, so 
effectual as a remedy against the Colorado potato beetle, would, in all probability, 
prove equally effectual as a remedy ;igain>t the cotton worm. This, so far as I have 
been able to learn, (and I have worked the matter up with great care), "^' s 'be first 
hint ever thrown to the public in that direction; and there is no risk inasserting that 
the day i'i which the hint W8S thrown out marked the beginning of one of tho most 
important periods in the history of the cotton worm up to the present time: the 
period of successfully combating it with poisons; in a word, tho period of tirst effect- 
ually combating it i% any way to aneotire saving of the crop. 
Later in 1 he same season, (1st August), the writer of this paper, who had not then 
heard of Professor Riley's suggestion, recommended, as agricultural editor of the 
Mohilr i:<<:ista\ the use of Paris green as a cotton worm destroyer, and Capt. Isaac 
Donavan, of Mobile 'County, Alabama, immediately applied it, in obedience to the 
recommendation, with great success. This is the earliest application of Paris green 
to the cotton plant that I have been able to trace to date." 
"In May of the next year (1873), the National Agricultural Congress assembled at 
Indianapolis, Ind., where Professor Riley again addressed the meeting, referring at 
length to Paris green as an insecticide, and unhesitatingly recommending it as a 
remedy against the cotton worm. His address was widely published through the 
papers, especially in the South, and thereupon hundreds of planters went at once to 
applying the poison, meeting with good success in every case where the directions 
given by Professor Riley were faithfully followed." 
With regard to tho second paragraph which we have just quoted truth requires 
us to state thajt the August (1872) article in the Mobile Register (see p. 37) did not 
appear in the agricultural department of that paper but in the regular editorial 

