44 ANNCAi. Ki i'nins ( n' I •! :i 'A 1 : 1 .M I iN'i' <u" A<;in( Ti/irui:. vxm 
T\\vvo nvi' two iiiiportaiit s(»urc»'s of si«mii rust iiiociiluiii in tlu' iiortlHTii part 
of the I'liitiMl States. (1) the rcmainiji^r nist-sus(('i»til)k' l>arl>«'rry Inishi'S. and 
(2) rusted ^iraiiificlds in Texas and Mexico. wluTe the siininier staj:e of the 
disease survives throuf^hout the year. The rehitiv*' iiiii»oriance of the.se sources 
varii's from year to yejir, deiM'ndinp: upon weather and other crop cr)nditions. 
The lirst riist found (»n ^'rains and j^ra.s.ses in the spring; is in the immediate 
vicinity of remaininj? l»arl)erry hushes. In fact, if weather favors the spread 
of rust, the funjjus multiplies rapidly near these inoculum centers, and with 
continued warm, moist weather the local spreads coalesce early in the season, 
causinj; widespread epidemics hefore the crops mature. Only rxcasionally dur- 
ing the past LTt years has stem rust, s])readiny: from the Soutii. beconie epidemic 
in the spring wheat-pjrowine: States in time to do appreciable dama};e. 
Kecommended measures for the control of stem rust include (1) eradicating 
rust-susceptible barberry bushes in iniixn-tant {;rain-;:rowiim States. (2) sehn-t- 
ing for seed the more rust-resistant varieties of grain that are otlierwise adaptefl 
to the area, and (3) planting spring grains early on well-prepared soil. 
NINETY-ONE MILLION RLST-SUSCEPTIBLE BARBERRY BUSHES DESTROY KD 
DURING FISCAL YEAR 
During the yt>ar 01,710,806 barberry bushes were destroyi'd on '.».417 properties 
in the 17 States participating in the bail>eiry -eradication program. The ex- 
panded program, made possible with allotments of emergency funds, permitted 
a careful inspection of all native and planted shrubbery on 60.237 s(iuare miles 
in 31") counties. In table 13 are shown, by States, data relating to the progress 
made in control work during the year. To avoid misinterpreting this informa- 
tion it should be kept in mind that figures in Virginia. West Virginia, and 
Colorado are hardly conii)arable with those in other States of the area, as 
much of the work conducted in these States during the year has Ium^u in areas 
where native spev-ies of baii)erry are prevalent. In the Virginias Jhrbcris 
canadcm^is is being eradicated in the important grain-growing conuinmities. and 
in Colorado much of the work was done in the southwestern part of the State 
where B. fc?idleri is prevalent. In these States native si)ecies of barberry grow 
in patches, often several rods in diameter, which accounts for the relatively 
large mimbers of l)ushes destroyed. 
Table 13. — Pror/rcss in harhcrnj eradication during fiscal year 1937 
state 
Proper- 
ties 
cleared 
of bushes 
Barberry 
bushes 
destroyed 
Terri- 
tory sur- 
veyed 
Security- 
Maxi- 
mum em- 
ployed 
wage earners 
Employ- 
ment 
Proper* 
tion of all 
person- 
nel taken 
from 
relief 
rolls 
Square 
Number 
Nu mber 
miles 
Number 
Man-hourt 
Percent 
Colorado 
57 
1,715. 456 
288 
138 
136.812.50 
95.80 
Illinois. 
547 
5. 541 
7.011 
319 
288. 683.50 
92.77 
Indiana 
203 
25. 518 
4. 976 
161 
140. 8.50. 00 
91.09 
Iowa 
541 
8,288 
9. 469 
268 
228. 759. 25 
91.89 
Michipan 
1,220 
4s, {m 
1, 1G9 
452 
310. 941.50 
93.73 
Minne.sota 
558 
7, 720 
5,655 
265 
336, 099. 25 
91.50 
47 
367 
875 
52 
36,044.50 
97. 21 
Nebraska 
75 
8. 183 
177 
107. 382. 00 
92.38 
North Dakota 
24 
604 
1, 100 
110 
.56. 810. r>o 
94.80 
Ohio 
665 
131. 285 
7,483 
303 
34;t.5<>1.33 
94. 13 
South Dakota 
6 
25 
622 
32 
H\. 932. 50 
90.96 
Wisconsin 
640 
15,591 
4.143 
337 
270. 76;i. 75 
91.73 
Wyoming 
2 
9 
173 

2.614.50 
100.00 
Total 
4.4ti5 
1,959, 764 
51.147 
2.614 
2.286. 255.08 
Missouri 
411 
2, 527 
6.782 
229 
180. 718. 00 
05.34 
Penn.sylvania 
2,227 
1.003, 494 
1.473 
303 
328. 594. 25 
03.es 
1,412 
52,870,548 
457 
460 
552,092.00 
95.17 
West Virginia 
882 
35. 874, 563 
378 
390 
402. 289. 25 
97.80 
Total 
4.932 
89, 751. 132 
9.090 
1. - 
"»3. 50 
Grand total 
9,417 
91.710,896 
60. 237 1 3, .■ ■ 
. .'18.58 
94.50 
