EXTO.MOLOGY AND ri.AXT yUAHANTlXE 
31 
elm disease. An area of approximately 2,142 s(iiiare miles was covered by two 
autogiro crews in the New Jersey protective zone and in Orange County, N. Y. 
Out of a total of 667 individual and 36 groups of wilted elms spotted, 8 trees 
were confirmed as having the Dutch elm disease. The cost of scouting 500 
square miles by autogiro, including the initial outlay for the plane and aerial 
maps, is about one-fourth that of scouting the same area on foot. 
A first attempt at an elm census was made by scouting crews in conjunction 
with their regular duties. The total elm population of the present work area 
was estimated to be 11,500,0<X). New Jersey leads with 4,800,000, followed by 
New York with 4,000,000, Pennsylvania with 2,500,000, and Connecticut with 
200,000. 
Early-season wilting typical of the Dutch elm disease was first observed in 
1937 on an elm in the town of Patterson, Putnam County, N. Y., on May 24. 
General wilting of elm foliage was observed early in June. 
By June 1, 1937, approximately 1.300 scouts were in scout training schools. 
Systematic scouting began during the first week in June. By the end of the 
fiscal year 3,159 scouts were in the field, the large majority of whom were paid 
from work relief funds. Of those engaged in the work, 391 were from the 
C. C. C. 
On May 21 four two-man scouting crews, one supervisor, and an autogiro 
with a pilot left for Montgomery, Ala., to begin systematic scouting of railroads 
in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, 
Missouri, Oklahoma, Tennessee. Virginia, and West Virginia. The purpose of 
the flight was to complete a sr.iMcy of the roads over which elm logs had been 
shipped. Approximately 22."> miles of railroad right-of-way were covered each 
flight day. Aerial scouting over rough terrain in the New Jersey and New 
York work areas was under way by the middle of June. 
Six additional cases of diseased elms in Indianapolis were confirmed before 
the end of the year. Total infected trees recorded to date in outlying areas 
are as follows: Indianapolis, Ind., 39; Baltimore 2, Brunswick 3, and Cumber- 
land 1, in Maryland ; Cleveland 33, and Cincinnati 1, in Ohio : and Norfolk, 
Va., 5; or 84 in all. 
Samples were collected during the year from 59,601 trees showing apparent 
symptoms of the disease. Of these, 7,640, upon examination of the cultures, 
were confirmed as infected with the Dutch elm disease. Segregated by States, 
109 were in Connecticut, 5,802 in New Jersey, 1.705 in New York, and 24 at 
isolated infection points in Indiana, Maryland, Ohio, and Virginia. Compared 
with the previous year there was a 16-percent increase in the number of con- 
firmations. Last year the comparative increase was 17 percent. 
On the basis of the 1936 foliar season, 7.327 cases were confirmed as com- 
pared to 5,664 during the 1935 foliar scouting season. The increase may be 
largely attributed to more efficient scouting over a longer period during the 
1936 season. Results are definitely promising in view of the lack of spread 
from previous years' heavily infected area, and the slight increase in disease 
cases at the margin of the zone infected in 1935. 
The grand total of known disease cases on record in the United States on 
June 30, 1937, is 23.125, of which 269 occurred in Connecticut, 15,911 in New 
Jersey, 6,861 in New York, and 84 at 7 isolated infection centers. 
EXTENSIONS OF WORK AREA 
Trees infected with the Dutch elm disease were found in or just outside the 
10-mile protective zone at Branford and Guilford, Conn. ; at Hopewell in Mercer 
County and Fairhaven, Holmdell, Little Silver, and Oceanport in Monmouth 
County, N. J.; and at six points in Orange County, and Huntington in Suffolk 
County, N. Y. The infected tree at Huntington was 6 miles from the nearest 
previous infection. The major diseased area, enlarged to circumscribe the 
newly discovercnl infections, included at the end of the year 276 square miles 
in Connecticut, 2,943 in New Jersey, and 1,914 in New York, a total of 5.133 
square miles. The increase for the year was 826 square miles. The 10-mile 
protective zone included at the close of the year 727 square miles in (Connecti- 
cut, 895 in New Jersey, 708 in New York, and 720 in Pennsylvania — 3,050 
square miles in all. The total work area of 8,183 square miles is approxi- 
mately equal in extent to the entire State of Mnssachusetts. 
There are a number of areas in the heavily infected zone in which known 
infections of the disea.^ie have been reduced to a small percentage of previous 
years' confirmation'?. Staten Island in New York, N. Y., is a good example of 
