155 
resembled their common dam; Black Agnes took after oneof her maternal ancet 
Matopo Beema incapable of transmitting his light body color, or his special form of 
stripes. 
In addition to these hybrids, other crosses were made to study the influence oi 
telegony. The man' Valda, already referred to, after having the twin hybrids, was 
bred toa chestnut thoroughbred horse named Lockstitch, and Hector was foaled as 
the result. A bay Erish thoroughbred pony, Rona, was bred to a hay Hackney 
pony stallion, as a 3-year old, getting the foal Argo. The year before Rona had 
dropped a hybrid foal to Matopo. Neither Hector nor Argo furnishes any evidence 
whatever that the influence of the lirst breeding is felt in subsequent generations, 
where other sires are used. Another foal, Circus Girl, from a mare bred to a Shet- 
land pony that had had a colt by Matopo the previous year, also did not support the 
telegony idea. In fact, Circus (iirl was a faithful reproduction of the dam in con- 
formation, color, gait, and disposition. 
A number of other hybrids and crosses have also been bred by Professor Ewart, 
concerning which he gives more or less information in his writings. a Special con- 
sideration is given to the telegony idea as reported on Lord Morton's chestnut mare 
foaling to a black Arabian horse after she had previously and for the first breeding 
foaled to a quagga. As evidence that the assumption that the stripes on the second 
foal of Lord Morton's mare were inherited from the quagga impregnation is falla- 
cious, Professor Ewart exhibited in his collection, in L900, a pure-bred Arab filly 
that had a dorsal band and distinct bars on both fore and hind legs and vestig 
shoulder stripes. These markings he regards as an instance of reversion to what he 
designates the striped ancestor of all the horses. 
In addition to the zebra and various horses, ponies, and crosses, Professor Ewart 
has conduced rather extensive experimental work with various animals and birds. 
This includes rabbits, guinea pigs, cats, dogs, goats, pigeons, etc. 
A most unique and valuable exhibition of his work was made by him in 1900 at 
the show of the Royal Agricultural Society of England at York, which it was my 
pleasure to visit. A small temporary building on the grounds was devoted entirely 
to this exhibition. This was provided with stalls for the horses and cages for the 
other stock. The exhibit was arranged in systematic order, with numbers and abbre- 
viated information at each exhibit. If the visitor desired he could for a shilling (25 
cents) purchase a valuable illustrated guide to the exhibit, which gave the essential 
facts concerning each number. In addition to the living animals, the walls of the 
rooms were decorated with skins of several types of zebras, as well as other objects 
relating to the experiments in progress. This exhibit, so far as my experience goes, 
stands alone as the finest educational show relative to stock breeding that has yet 
been placed before the public. It was worthy of the highest commendation. This 
exhibit was especially instructive and certainly must have been interesting to many 
of the English lovers of live stock. 
While these investigations have not been continued a long series of years, still they 
have a reasonable amount of age, and in certain respects are unique in themselves. 
Professor Ewart proposed to study a certain problem, as, for example, telegony. In 
the scientific world one authority views telegony from one standpoint, while another 
thinks his evidence insufficient. The telegony markings in the case of Lord Morton's 
quagga had been much quoted. This Scotch scientist, not having access to a quagga, 
as the next best thing uses a zebra, a near relative of the quagga and even more 
strikingly marked. Then the process of hybridizing begins methodically and per- 
sistently, and, so far as possible, using the Lord Morton illustrative material. But 
Professor Ewart goes much further, in that he not only uses other animals of the 
horse and zebra type, but he makes a study of telegony with a variety of animals 
and birds. This experimental work is supplemented as the earlier work was not in 
two ways, viz, by the duplication of experiments by the same man and by the use of 
the camera, which has a high value in scientific research. Thus the method fur- 
nished the means of securing a considerable amount of evidence, which it is fair to 
assume was gathered in a truly scientific spirit. 
It is not my purpose here to go further into the details of the method of Professor 
Ewart, but, before concluding a consideration of his investigations, it will be appro- 
priate to give some of the opinions he has arrived at as a result of this work, although 
I do not understand that these are final conclusions, for his work is still in progress. 
"I find," he says, "as the result of many experiments, that in animals, as in plants, 
the offspring can rarely be said to be intermediate between their parents, or to unite 
in equal proportions the characters of their immediate and less immediate ancestors; 
and further, that the crossing of perfectly distinct strains, varieties, or breeds is not 
"The Penycuik Experiments, 1899; Guide to the Zebra Hybrids, etc., 1900. 
