189 
contribution of funds. This does nol Include the cosl of spraying, which was borne 
by the orchardists the same as other cultural operations. 
The problems presented by this investigation were very much more difficull to 
handle, and will have to be continued through another season at leasl before they 
can be satisfactorily settled, but much has been Learned which will be discussed in a 
series of bulletins, the first of which is about to he published. 
Some of the results of the studies upon the cause of the spotting of oranges, which 
were supposed to he dm 1 in some cases to red spider and in other cases to distillate 
spraying, have already appeared in bulletin form, as well as the study of the red 
spider attacking almonds. The other investigations are still under way and repre- 
sent quite a variety of problems, some of which may never yield results of much 
significance. 
The demands for assistance have been very pressing, and the difficulty has been 
to provide men for the purpose who are capable of conducting such studies. The 
plan has been to detail advanced students for this work, selecting such as have 
shown special aptitude for research work and who are reliable, and to so supervise 
their experiments that they will be saved from making the mistakes which, because 
of inexperience, they would be liable to do if working alone. This has involved a 
large amount of traveling — over 16,000 miles this season; but the results have justi- 
fied the effort. These investigations have been particularly valuable because 01 the 
opportunity they have afforded of giving the students actual practice in entomo- 
logical research under unusually favorable conditions. 
When we are called upon for an investigation which we consider important 
enough and have a student available for the purpose, our policy has been to reply 
that we will place an assistant in the field, who will be paid by the station and work 
under direct supervision of the entomologist at Berkeley, in case they consider it 
important enough to pay the local expenses of the investigation. 
These local expenses will ordinarily consist of the items of board, a room for labor- 
atory, and generally the use of a horse and buggy. Microscopes and such laboratory 
apparatus are brought from Berkeley, and the people of the locality are always glad 
to offer without any special arrangement the use of orchards for experimental pur- 
poses, and the material and labor for whatever spraying apparatus may be desired. 
The above sketch of the California system of cooperative work in entomology is 
presented with the thought that though it may not be applicable in its entirety in 
other regions, certain features of it, nevertheless, may be of value elsewhere. 
C. M. Weed, of New Hampshire, gave a short description of his methods of keep- 
ing notes and storing specimens, showing samples of the boxes used. Other mem- 
bers took part in the discussion that followed. 
The following paper by A. F. Burgess, of Ohio, was read: 
The Necessity foe Uniform Methods of Inspection and Treatment of Nursery 
Stock. 
With the advent of the San Jose scale in some of the larger nurseries in the eastern 
States it became necessary to establish some system of inspection of growing stock in 
order to protect the horticulturist from having this pest introduced upon his prem- 
ises on young trees or plants which he might buy. The reasors for such inspection 
were chiefly due to the rapidity with which this insect would multiply, its deadly 
effect upon the trees and plants attacked, and the almost entire absence of suitable 
remedies for its control. Fruit growers and nurserymen alike were anxious to keep 
their premises free from this pest, and enough public sentiment was soon aroused in 
many of the States to procure laws designed to prevent its introduction and to pro- 
vide for the control of this insect. In most cases other dangerously injurious pests 
were specified in the laws, so that the scope of nursery inspection was considerably 
broadened from the original plan. 
In order to prevent the dissemination and secure the control of any insect pest it 
is essential that the movement in that direction be attended with no delay, and that 
the work be placed in competent and experienced hands. Many of the States failed 
to pass the legislation necessary to provide for this work, and as a result they have 
been made the dumping ground for the diseased stock from other States which 
already had inspection laws, and the problem of control has become far more diffi- 
cult than w'ould otherwise have been the case. Promptness in dealing with this pest 
is imperative, and the horticultural interests are now reaping the' harvest for having 
delayed action, and will continue to bear the burden of applying insecticidal treat- 
ment to orchards, the infestation of which might have been prevented had the work 
been provided for at the proper time. 
