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chief essentials are that the house shall be gas tight, the chemicals of high grade, 
and applied in the proper proportions for a Bumcien* length of time to kill the scales 
without injuring the stock. Failure to observe any one of these details is likely to 
cause the treatment to be unsatisfactory; hence, great care is necessary in applying 
this process. The recommendations for fumigation issued by most of the State 
inspectors are uniform as to the lirst two essentials, but a wide variation occurs in 
the formula advised and the length of time required for treatment. 
In a few cases the charges required to be used are fixed by law, but it is doubtless 
fair to presume that most of them are either copied or modified forms of the formula 
recommended by the Division ol" Entomology of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, 
or are based on the extensive fumigation experiment" of Prof. W. G. Johnson. 
The one recommended by the Division of Entomology, and which may be called 
the 1, 1, 3 formula, that is, one ounce of potassium cyan id, one fluid ounce of 
sulphuric acid, and three fluid ounces of wate to each 100 cubic feet of space, for 
a time exposure of forty minutes, has been used since 1900 by the government 
inspectors of the Dominion of Canada, and I am informed by Dr. James Fletcher, 
the Dominion entomologist, that it has given perfect "at isf action. This formula has 
been used in Ohio for nearly two years in fumigating all kinds of nursery stock, and 
no complaint has been received of any injury to the stock. In the case of the 
fumigation of bud sticks or scions during tin- 1 summer, three-fourths of the amounts of 
cyanid and acid have been advised, although no injury has resulted if the full 
strength formula was applied forty minutes. 
Through the courtesy of the inspectors or officials having charge of nursery inspec- 
tion, the writer has received a statement of the formula recommended or required in 
twenty-seven States. 
In fourteen States the proportions recommended vary so slightly from the 1, 1, 3 
formula that very little change would be necessary in order to make them perfectly 
uniform. 
California and Oregon recommend a 1, 1, 2 formula with forty minutes' time expo- 
sure. Virginia recommends a 1, 1A, 3 formula with forty minutes' time exposure. 
Georgia, Kentucky, and Illinois use a 1, 1], 3 formula with a fifty-minute exposure, 
while the formula required in Alabama is the same with an exposure of forty-live 
minutes. New York requires a 1, 1£, 3 formula with an exposure of from thirty to 
forty-five minutes. 
Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia use a 1, 2, 4 formula with a thirty- 
minute exposure, and the same amount of chemicals are used in New Jersey, but the 
time is lengthened to sixty minutes. 
In North Carolina a 1, 1?, 2o formula, and in Delaware and Montana a 1, 1.}, 2} 
formula is required. 
In the remaining twelve States the proportions vary from a f , f , 2 formula for 
150 cubic feet for a forty-minute exposure to one where 2 ounces of cyanid are used 
for the same amount of space and the stock exposeo three hours. 
Several States have adopted a formula based on the metric system, and as the pro- 
portions used vary considerably, this would not appear to be a step in the direction 
of securing uniformity. 
In a number of cases the charges are reduced from one-fourth or one-third the 
required formula for the treatment of peach, plum, and tender stock. 
It is unquestionably true that fumigation is destined to become more important in 
nursery inspection work than it has been in the past, and doubtless more States will 
be added to the list of those that require a certificate of fumigation on all stock that 
is shipped in from other States. This being the case, it would appear most desirable 
that a standard formula be adopted, as it would seem inconsistent for an inspector to 
require a definite formula used in his own State and still accept stock from other States 
fumigated in a manner that he would not permit at home. 
As pointed out by Dr. S. A. Forbes in his address at the last annual meeting of this 
section, nursery inspection "legislation has not yet reached its permanent form, but 
is still in process of adaptation and development." This being the case, every reason- 
able effort should be made to secure uniformity of methods as a means of facilitating 
the administration of the work of protecting the fruitgrowers from injurious pests 
and of aiding and not hampering the nurseryman in the conduct of his business. 
It was informally agreed to defer the discussion of this paper to the meeting of the 
Association of Horticultural Inspectors. 
The following officers were elected tor the next meeting, chairman, H. E. Summers, 
Iowa; secretary, W. E.-Britton, Connecticut. 
The section then adjourned. 
