38 GROUSE AND WILD TURKEYS OF UNITED STATES. 
Iligb-bush cranberry {Vihurnum liiiiicbberry (Conius canadensis). 
ot)uliis). Cornel (Coruus ijanicuhita). 
Mountain cranberry {} (irciniiini Silky cornel (Cornus amonum). 
vitis-idwa). Pepperidjjce (Xt/ssa sylvatica). 
Snowberry (Sifniphoricarpus sp. ). Mulberry {iJorus rubra). 
Feverwort {Trinstciim pcrfolia- Bittersweet {Crlastrus scandcns). 
tuni). Manzanita (Arcio.staijhylos s\).). 
Black buckleberry ((rai/Ius.sacia Barberry {Bcrbcris nilparis). 
rcsinosa). Virjrinia creeper {Parthcnocissii.<< 
Black abler (Ilcj- rcrticillata). (juinfjurfolia). 
Flowering dogwood {Corn us f!or- 
ida ) . 
The seeds of most of these berries pass through the digestive tract 
unharmed and are capable of germinating. Thus the grouse assists 
in phuiting many fruiting trees and shrubs, the heavy seeds of wl-ich 
must be disseminated mainly through the agency of animals that feed 
on them. f 
Food of the Young. 
Tlie young of most birds are far more insectivorous tlian adults, a 
statement that applies to gallinaceous birds, though to a less extent 
than to passerines. More than 95 percent of the diet of eight grouse 
chicks examined, none of which was more than a fourth grown, was 
insects. Seven adults collected in the breeding season had consumed 
only 30 percent of insects. Newly hatched chicks eat the largest 
]jroportion of insects. As they grow older they gradually become 
more frugivorous and granivorous. Three chicks, only a day or 
two old, collected by Prof. S. A. Forbes, at Waukegan, 111., June 9. 
18TG, proved to have been exclusively insectivorous. They had eaten 
cutworms, grasshoppers, Lampyrid beetles, ants {Tetramorium 
ccespitfnn) ^ parasitic wasps, buifalo tree hoppers, and spiders {Atfidce 
and Ph(ilan(ji(l(t). A grouse about a week out of the shell, collected 
by F. II. King, had eaten a white grub, 7 spiders {Phalangida'). 
and 18 caterpillars." It should be noted, therefore, that the rulfed 
grouse, though only slightly insectivorous when adult, as a chick 
destroys great numbers of insects, and deserves much more credit 
from farmers than it usually receives. 
THE SPRUCE GROUSE. 
(Canachitcs canadensis. )b 
The spruce, or Canada, grouse inhabits the transcontinental conif- 
erous forests from the northern border of the United States, east of 
" Trans. Wis. Ag. Soc, vol. 24, pp. 472-473, 1880. 
&Tbe spruce grouse {Canachitcs canadensis) is separated into tbree geograpbic 
forms, of wbicb two occur witbin our territory : tbese are tbe connnon spruce 
grouse (C. c. canaco) of tbe nortbern border from Maine to Minnesota, and tbe 
.Alaska spruce grouse (('. c. osf/oodi) of Alaska and western Canadi^. 
