52 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1939 
tection of their own crops, under supervision of Federal and State 
supervisors, h as considered adequate. 
\\"i! !i a carry-over of more t han 50,000 tons of bail materials, supple- 
mented by late-winter purchases and the construction of thousands of 
additional mechanical spreaders, including more than L,000 Federal 
machines, the cooperating agencies were prepared for the unusually 
early and uniform hatch of grasshoppers. A.s the season advanced, 
the outbreak predictions based on the egg survey were substantiated 
as conserval ively accurate. 
With adequate bail on hand at mixing stations to meet fanner 
demands for crop protection, the cooperating agencies swung rapidly 
into action on idle, abandoned, and range land. Farmer and com- 
munity cooperation continued at a nigh peak until harvest diverted 
t heir at tent ion. 
In the area of the long-winged migratory grasshopper it became 
evident as the season advanced that excellent control was being 
obtained, and shortly after the close of the fiscal year operations were 
curtailed because of reduction in population- to not more than two or 
three grasshoppers per square vara. Plans were made to bait egg- 
bed concent rat ions later. 
In the area of the lesser migratory grasshopper, enormous quanti- 
ties of bait materials were distributed, particularly in Montana and 
North Dakota. Although at the height of the season it appeared that 
destructive migrations might develop from the enormous acreage of 
high populations, there were no mass, long-distance, destructive 
flights such as occurred in L938, and while severe crop damage 
occurred in limited areas, it did not compare with the vast acreage 
of good Crops protected. 
At the close of the fiscal year more than 235,000 tons of hair had 
been made available to the State-. To the following States the ap- 
proximate amounts indicated had been shipped: North Dakota. 17.- 
000 tons; Montana, 85.000: Minnesota, 25,000; Colorado, 25,000; 
South Dakota. 21,000. Other State- received lesser amount- as 
needed. 
During the season tests were conducted to determine the practica- 
bility of spreading bait from airplanes. Thirteen planes were leased 
and tested in areas of heavy populations, and present indication- are 
that, while further work i- needed on bait hoppers and spreading 
mechanisms, spreading of bait for grasshoppers by plane- i- a valu- 
able adjunct to the control program, especially in idle land- and areas 
difficult of access by ground crews. 
While it is yet too early to predict the amount of crop savings 
attributable to grasshopper control for the year, there is conclusive 
evidence that economic protection to crops has been given in -pite of 
i he unprecedented out break. 
EUROPEAN CORN BORER INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION 
In the European corn borer certification work there was a con- 
siderable -pint in inspection activities to comply with the State 
quarantines of Arizona, California, Colorado. Georgia, Louisiana, 
Nevada, Oregon, Texas, and Utah. Inspection services were avail- 
able through the gypsj moth and Japanese hectic Inspection corps, 
