BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUABANTINE 53 
as well as through the corn borer inspectors in Detroit and Indian- 
apolis. 
A total of 50,190 certificates were issued to cover quarantined plant 
material valued at *157,000. This represented a 134-percent increase 
in the number of certificates over the preceding fiscal year but a 21- 
percent decrease in the value of the certified products. The increase 
in certifications was due to larger shipments of dahlias, gladioli, and 
chrysanthemums from Virginia, Maryland, New York, and Ohio. 
BARBERRY ERADICATION 
State, county, and local agencies in 17 grain-growing States con- 
tinued active participation in the barberry-eradication program for 
the control of stem rust of cereals during the year. Stem rust is one 
of the most destructive diseases that attack grain crops, and control 
measures are applied uniformly on a regional rather than a State 
basis. Wherever barberry bushes susceptible to attack by the rust 
fungus are permitted to grow in or adjacent to important grain- 
growing areas they serve as early sources of inoculum that may 
cause local epidemics of the disease. In areas where bushes are numer- 
ous these local outbreaks often coalesce to form destructive regional 
epidemics before crops mature. 
The annual rust survey was further systematized and extended to 
include observations in Mexico. The intensive search for barberry 
bushes, conducted with relief labor closely supervised by experienced 
Bureau personnel, was continued in counties that had not already been 
covered. Marked improvements were made both in survey and chem- 
ical-eradication procedures. Field demonstrations were held to in- 
struct grain growers in the nature of the disease, the identification 
of barberry bushes, and recommended control practices. 
BARBERRY BUSHES DESTROYED IN 221 COUNTIES 
Barberry bushes were eradicated in 221 counties in the 17 partici- 
pating States. With the aid of relief labor an intensive survey was 
made of all planted shrubbery, native timber, and other uncultivated 
lands in an area comprising more than 51,600 square miles. This 
resulted in the eradication of more than 1,930,340 bushes on 1,971 
properties in the 13 States — Colorado, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa. Michi- 
gan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South 
Dakota, Wisconsin, and Wyoming — which comprised the original 
control area, and 45,514,880 bushes in Missouri, Pennsylvania, Vir- 
ginia, and West Virginia, where organized control work was not 
undertaken until 1935. Forty-three million, three hundred and 
eighty-eight thousand of these were of the species Berberis canad< nsis. 
which is native to Virginia and West Virginia but occurs only in very 
limited areas in States farther north. 
PRESENT STATUS OF CONTROL WORK 
The status of the eradication program varies considerably in dif- 
ferent States within the control area and in different areas within 
individual States. In Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota. South 
Dakota, and parts of Colorado and Nebraska the initial eradication 
