36 ANNUAL REPORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1939 
There were two complete systematic surveys by scouts on foot in 
the older infected territory and in most of the newly infected sections 
thai were added as the scouting progressed. Complete coverage in 
mi leasl one survey and a partial second going over were made in the 
10-mile protective /one. Surveys outside the infected /.one were made 
by scouts "n fool and scouts cruising in trucks and were supple- 
mented by aeria] observations in the remaining territory. Several 
al-problem areas in tin- Connecticut and New York inf< 
zone- were given a third going over. 
Atrial mosaic maps 01 most of th tis of Connecticut, V 
Jersey, and New York in which scouting and eradicating wei 
be done were purchased for use during the L938 scouting season. Use 
of these maps speeded up both the scouting and eradication work. Bj 
placing a dot on the exact tree affected and surrounding it with a 
circle, it was possible accurately to estimate distances from nearby 
landmarks by consulting grid lines photographed on the map at in- 
tervals of 4,000 feet. Eradication crews in turn were furnished with 
maps on which elms to be removed were spotted, and this enabled 
them to return to the exact spot by the nearest accessible road. 
With the addition of another autogiro, five aerial scouting units 
were available for service in difficult scouting areas during the year. 
Activities of these units during the 1938 foliage season were largely a 
repetition of previous seasons' autogiro surveys but on an expanded 
vscale. Single autogiro scouting units were assigned to the protective 
areas in Pennsylvania and New Jersey, and two of the ships and their 
accompanying ground crews worked in the more extensive protective 
/one in New York. The fifth aerial crew flew the railroad rights-of- 
way over which elm lo^s that introduced the fungus to this country 
travelled to midwestern veneer mills. Autogiro scouts were credited 
with the discovery of a number of the first-record infections in Dutchess 
County, N. Y. 
On May 8 the culture laboratory at which the organisms infecting 
twig samples submitted by Held workers are determined was trans- 
ferred from Morristown, X. J., to the Bloomfield, X. J., field head- 
quarters. Mosl of the necessary equipment was installed and in oper- 
ation by thai date. 
In the spring of 1939 foliage wilt characteristic of Dutch elm dis- 
ease infection was first observed in the field on May L6 on a small elm 
in Greenwich, Conn. In Dutchess County. X. Y.. during the same 
week another instance of early-season will was reported. On May 
26 characteristic wilting was observed on an elm near the Sourland 
Mountains, in Somerset County, X. J. Wilt ing \\ as also observed late 
in June on an elm i ree in Putnam County, N. Y. 
Organization of a quota of L,500 fully trained and capable scouts to 
be paid from regular Departmental fund- made available in the 
Second Deficiency Appropriation Act began early in dune. Approxi- 
mately 2,300 men were notified to report for scout training on dune 
L2. They were assigned largely to the infected areas, and their 
activities were in addition to the scouting work performed by the 
regular W, I*. A. force. 
i \ 1 1 nsions OF WORE ABBA 
Additions to the infected zone as a result of the discovery of diseased 
elms in or just beyond the LO-mile protective /one surrounding the 
