BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE 35 
fected area in New Jersey, invasion of 2 tiers of townships in central 
Xew Jersey and southwestern Connecticut, and a more serious in- 
crease in the Dutchess County, N. Y., area. The Dutchess County 
infection is of particular importance because it brings the line of in- 
fection to within a few miles of the Massachusetts-New York State 
line. A total of 126 diseased elms were found in Dutchess County 
during the year. 
Scouting during the 1938 foliage season, begun on June 13 in the 
previous fiscal year, continued until September 30, with a scouting 
force ranging from 1,682 to 2,445* men. During this period the in- 
fection of 15,909 elms with the fungus causing the disease was con- 
firmed. These were divided as follows: Connecticut, 496 : Xew Jer- 
sey, 14 216; Xew York, 1,157; Pennsylvania, 9; and outside States, 31. 
In comparison with confirmations during the 1937 scouting season, 
the cases in 1938 tripled in Xew Jersey and quadrupled in Connecti- 
cut, while fewer confirmations were found at the isolated infections. 
The number in New York was approximately the same both year-. 
From all sources 103.264 twig samples were submitted to the culture 
laboratory for identification. C eratostomella ulmi, the fungus caus- 
ing the disease, was cultured from 18,586 samples. Connecticut had 
548 confirmations. Xew Jersey 16,752. New York 1,216, Pennsylvania 
46. and outlying States 24. These totals represent increases of ap- 
proximately* 250 percent in both Connecticut and New Jersey com- 
bined, and reductions of 7 percent and 55 percent, respectively, in 
New York and outlying States, as compared with the previous year's 
confirmations. This year's confirmations added to the 6.500 cases re- 
ported last year and the 23,125 diseased trees found from 1930 to 
1937 make a country- wide grand total of 48,211. 
A severe concentration of infection was discovered during July 
near the border of the known infected zone in the Sourland Mount ain 
section of Mercer, Hnnterdon, and Somerset Counties, X. J. The 
wilt from the infection, plus the wilted, dangling twigs resulting 
from heavy crotch feeding by elm bark beetles, gave many of the 
trees the appearance of being infected with fire blight. AH this sec- 
tion was intensively scouted during the rest of the foliage season. In 
Connecticut the northeastermost of the heavy, localized infections 
was found near Weston. 
Scouting and sanitation activities in the infected sections in and 
surrounding Indianapolis, Ind., resulted in the location of only 19 
infected trees as compared with 46 during the previous fiscal year. 
Other systematic scouting activities outside the regulated area were 
concentrated in the Athens, Ohio, area and the Cumberland. Md- 
AViley Ford. W. Ya., area. Four disease cases were found at Athens, 
an increase over the number found the previous year. In Wiley Ford 
only 1 infected tree was found in the section where 5 had been located 
in the summer of 1937. Observations were also made to determine 
any reappearance of the disease at other isolated points at which 
infection had been discovered in previous years. 
The infection of 161 trees in isolated infected area- has been veri- 
fied. Of these, 104 are in Indianapolis. Ind.; 2 in Baltimore, 3 in 
Brunswick, and 1 in Cumberland, Md.: 6 in Athens, 1 in Cincinnati, 
and 33 in Cleveland. Ohio: ;> in Norfolk-Portsmouth, Ya.; and 6 in 
Wiley Ford. W. Ya. 
