HORNBEAMS AND HICKORIES ATTACKED. 
31 
Specimens from Butler County. Mo. (F. 72438), and Abbeville, 
La., show profuse sapsucker work, including large swollen girdles. 
A tree only an inch in diameter, on Plummers Island. Md.. had been 
attacked by sapsuckers. 
Woolly pignut (Hicoria villosa). — Huntsville. Ala. (A. A. and 
A. M. 385). 
THE HORNBEAMS, BIRCHES. AND ALDERS (BETTLACE.E). 
Ten of the 26 native arborescent species of this family, besides 1 
introduced tree, are known to be attacked by sapsuckers. They are 
tabulated bv genera below: 
Genus. 
Number 
of native 
spe. 
Native 
species 
attacked. 
Introduced 
species 
attacked. 
1 
- 

5 
2 
1 
Hop hornbeams (Ostrya) 


Birches (B(tula) 
Alders (Atnus) 


26 
10 
1 
Two of the hornbeams and two hop hornbeams are much disfigured 
by sapsuckers, and at least two species of birches are frequently 
killed. Trees like the hornbeams with smooth close bark, and birches, 
which are prized for the beauty of their silvery white trunks, lose 
much of their ornamental value when disfigured by abundant sap- 
sucker puncturing. Birches in particular are among the most valu- 
able ornamental trees, and the fact that they are often killed by sap- 
suckers weighs heavily against the birds. 
LIST OF BETULACE.E ATTACKED. 
Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana). — This tree when attacked is 
generally severely blemished (fig. 6). One in the Agricultural Depart- 
ment grounds is disfigured by a great many girdles, some of which are 
considerably swollen. In the vicinity of Gainesville. Fla.. horn- 
beams are plentifully punctured, and at Abbeville, La., most of the 
hornbeams in the woods bore abundant sapsucker work. Specimens 
examined from Illinois (F. 26482), Morgantown, TV. Va. (H.), and 
southern Arkansas (A. A. 351) are profusely punctured. 
European hornbeam (Carpinus betuh). — Department of Agricul- 
ture grounds. District of Columbia. 
Hop hornbeam {Ostrya virginiana). — Morgantown, W. Va. (H.); 
tchusetts (A. A. and A. M. 350). 
Hop hornbeam (Ostrya ImowUani). — Talfrev, Ariz. (A. A. and 
A. M. 349). 
