CHESTNUTS AND OAKS ATTACKED. 33 
commonly attacked in western Maine, and Horsford states: "I have 
seen the yellow birch destroyed . . . branches of the tree cut off, 
shriveled branches struggling for life, but dying." 
Alder (Alnus incana). — A. A. 340; western Maine, William 
Brewster. 
White alder (Alnus rhombifolia) . — San Bernardino Mountains, 
Cal., Grinnell. 
THE BEECHES, CHESTNUTS, AND OAKS (FAGACEJE). 
Thirty-four of the 68 native arborescent species of this important 
family of trees and 2 introduced forms are known to be attacked by 
sapsuckers. Usually the injury does not seem to affect the vigor of 
oaks, and we know of few instances of the external appearance of the 
trees being altered for the worse. A sample of a dying live oak, sent 
to the Bureau of Entomology from Glen Rose, Tex., shows no injury 
except by sapsuckers, and Bolles implies that red oaks are sometimes 
killed. On the whole, the evidence at hand, while showing that a 
large number of species of this family are attacked by sapsuckers, 
does not indicate serious injury to their appearance or health. 
LIST OF FAGACE.E ATTACKED. 
Beech (Fagus grandifolia). — Morgantown, W. Va. (H.); Rawdon, 
Xova Scotia (A. A. and A. M. 334) ; Massachusetts, Weed and Dear- 
born. 
Chinquapin (Castanea pumila). — Southern Arkansas (A. A. and 
A. M. 332). 
Chestnut (Castanea dentata). — Pickens, W. Va. (H. 66S7a); Town- 
send Center, Mass. (A. M. 333); Montgomery County, Md.; Afton 
and Rockfish Valley, Va. 
Tanbark oak (Pasania dens'ijlora) . — Hopkins. 
Red oak (Quercus rubra). — Bendire remarks that sapsuckers are 
"partial to the . . . red oak," and Bolles says it is "drilled for suc- 
cessive years," adding that "the forest trees attacked by them gener- 
ally die." Five red oaks in the Department of Agriculture grounds 
show sparing sapsucker work; many trees about Afton, Va., are 
attacked, and a specimen from Allenton, Mo., shows that the tree is 
visited there also (A. M. 329). 
Pin oak (Quercus palustris). — Every tree of this species over a 
considerable area in the vicinity of Dead Run Swamp, Fairfax 
County. Va., bears profuse marks of sapsucker attack. 
Turkey oak (Quercus catesbxi). — Florida (A. M. 322). 
Black oak (Quercus velutina). — Abbeville, La. 
Texas oak (Quercus texana). — Abbeville, La. 
99068°— Bull. 39—11 3 
