ELMS AND HACKBERRIES ATTACKED, 
35 
Overcup oak (Quercus lyrata). — Southern Arkansas (A. M. 297); 
Illinois (F. 26519); Butler County, Mo. (F. 72988); Department of 
Agriculture grounds. District of Columbia. 
California white oak (Quercus lobata). — California (A. M. 303). 
Western white oak (Quercus garryana). — Grant Pass, Oreg., 
April 25, 1899 (H.); California (A. M. 302). 
Colorado white oak (Quercus leptophylla). — Colorado (A. A. and 
A. M. 301). 
Post oak (Quercus stellata). — Missouri (A. M. 300); Santee Club, 
South Carolina; Longbridge, La. 
White oak (Quercus alba). — White oaks show more evidence of 
sapsucker attack than any other species of the genus in the vicinity 
of Washington. In some localities large numbers of the trees are 
closely punctured and girdled. Sapsucker work is very common on 
this species about Aft on, Va.. and the tree is attacked also in West 
Virginia (H.) and near Winston-Salem, X. C. 
English oak (Quercus robur). — Specimens of the horticultural 
variety of this species known asQuercus sessiliflora cochleata, the sub- 
species pedunculate, and its cultivated form incisa, five trees in all, 
on the grounds of the Department of Agriculture, bear rather 
abundant puncturing. 
European oak (Quercus conferta and var. pannonica). — Depart- 
ment of Agriculture grounds, District of Columbia. 
THE ELMS AXD HACKBERRIES (ULMACE^S). 
This family comprises 17 native trees belonging to 4 genera. 
Eight of the native species and 2 introduced forms are known to be 
attacked by sapsuckers. Disfiguring swollen girdles have been 
noted on 2 species of elm and 1 of hackberry, and 1 of the elms is 
said to be reduced in vigor by excessive pecking. 
Genus. 
Number 
of native 
species. 
Native 
species 
attacked. 
Introduced 
species 
attacked. 
Elm ( Ulmus) 
Water elm (Pla rura) 
6 
1 
9 
1 
5 
1 
2 

2 

Hackberry ( CeUis) 


17 
8 
2 
LIST OF ULMACE.E ATTACKED. 
Cedar elm (Ulmus erassi. folia) . — Matteson, Miss. (F.). 
Rock elm (Ulmus tliomasi). — Lansing, Mich. (A. M. 2S0). 
Winged elm (Ul?nus alata). — Aiken, S. C. (A. M. 281). 
White elm (Ulmus americana). — Bendire remarks that the sap- 
sucker ''is partial to the . . . elm;" and Horsford says: "I have 
