38 
WOODPECKERS IN RELATION TO TREES. 
THE PAWPAWS AM) POND APPLES (ANONACE.E). 
Two genera, each represented by one arborescent species, occur 
in the United Stales. One of these species, the pawpaw, is attacked 
by sapsuckers, but, so far as known, not seriously injured. 
Pawpaw (Asimina triloba). — Arkansas (A. M. 255); Illinois (F. 
26404)j Fairfax County. Ya. 
THE BAYS AND LA TREES (lAURACE^E). 
The following tabulation shows the arborescent members of this 
fainily in the United States and the number of species attacked 
by sapsuckers: 
< tonus. 
Number of 
native 
species. 
Native 
species 
attacked. 
Introduced 
species 
attacked. 
I : i •< 1 bays ( Per sea ) ." 
:; 
1 
1 
1 
1) 
1 

1 
1 


o 
o 
o 
o 
1 
() 
7 
\ 
1 
• Not usually classed as arborescent, but according to Dr. A. K. Fisher il becomes a tree in Fairfax County. 
Va. 
Sassafras and camphor trees are known to be killed by the birds 
and all of the other species attacked are badly disfigured. These 
trees are used for ornament, and sapsucker injury to them counts 
against the bird. 
LIST OF LAURACE.E ATTACKED. 
Red bay (Persea borbonia). — Apparently all trees of this species 
in the vicinity of the Santee Club, South Carolina, are attacked by 
sapsuckers. Most of them are profusely punctured, and the exterior 
of one tree was much disfigured by numerous rings of pecks which 
had become swollen and produced gaping, knotty girdles. At 
Gainesville, Fla., a large proportion of the red bays bore abundant 
sapsucker work. 
Swamp BED bay (Persea pubescens) . — Trees of this species also 
were vigorously attacked near the Santee Club, South Carolina. 
Sassafras (Sassafras variifolium). — The sapsucker injures or kills 
young trees (Hopkins). (Specimen from Monongalia County, W. 
V.... Mar. 17, L894. PI. XI. lig. 4J 
California laurel ( UmbeUvIaria californica): — A specimen from 
California shows evidence of severe sapsucker attack (A. A. 250). 
