BIBLIOGRAPHY. 55 
Only one of these gives external evidence of injury, an English walnut, 
one limb of which has been partly killed, and only a few are noticeably 
disfigured. 
While there is no doubt that trees may be freely attacked by sap- 
suckers without their lives being endangered, it is equally true that 
many trees, including valuable orchard and ornamental specimens, 
are seriously injured or killed by these woodpeckers. The owners 
of such trees have every right to protect them and should be given 
legal authority to do 
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
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Bailey. Florence Merriam. Sphyrapicus ruber (Gmel.i, Red-breasted Sapsucker. 
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Beldixg. Lyman. Sphyrapicus thyroid* - , Williamson's Sapsucker. Land 
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Budgett. F. [Woodpeckers causing gum on almond trees.] Pacific Rural Press, 
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Burroughs, Johx. Signs and Seasons, p. 145, 1895. 
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Clifford, E. A. The Sapsucker Again. Prairie Fanner, XXI, 260-261, 1860. 
Cook, A. J. Food of Woodpeckers and Flycatchers. Auk, XIII, 85-86, 1896. 
Dawsox, W. L.. and Bowles, J. H. Xorthwest Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus ruber noth n- 
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[Garfield, C. W.] The Sapsucker Again. Eleventh Ann. Rep. Secy. State Hort. 
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Grixxell, Joseph. Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Cassim, Williamson Sapsucker; Sphy- 
rapicus varius daggetti Grinnell, Sierra Sapsucker. Biota of the San Bernardino 
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