26 w r 0ODPBCKKBS I N RELATION TO TREES. 
bird's second choice among our ornamental evergreens. The trunks 
and larger limbs . . . look very badly at times. " Purdy notes that 
the Scotch pine Is q favorite with the sapsuckers, and Clifford states 
that the birds sometimes kill it. 
European larch (Larix decidua). — Massachusetts, Kennard. 
Norway spruce {Picea excelsa). — This tree is extensively planted 
for ornamental purposes. According to Elliott, the sapsucker "in 
its fondness for cambium often removes considerable fresh bark. 1 
have seen several fine Norway spruces ruined in tins way." 
Red spruce {Picea rubens). — Randolph County, W. Va. (F. 
7IS78); Davis, W. Va. (II. 6626b). 
Engelmann spruce {Picea engelmanni) . — Sandpoint, Idaho (H. 
195a). 
Weeping spruce {Picea breweriana). — Northern California (A. M. 
457). 
Tideland spruce {Picea sitchensis). — Push, Oreg. (II. 121a). 
E astern kemlock {Tsuga canadensis) . — Tins graceful and stately 
tree, a. gem among ornamental conifers, is not spared by sapsuckers. 
Allen says : " In Vermont where I have observed S. varius [the yellow- 
bellied sapsucker] in abundance, no trees were so extensively per- 
forated as the hemlock." Bendire says the sapsucker "is partial to 
the ... hemlock;" and Hopkins notes that the bird injures or 
kills young trees. (Specimens from Allegheny Mountains, W. Va.) 
Southern hemlock {Tsuga caroliniana) . — South Carolina (A. M. 
454); Habersham County, Ga., December 18, 1909 (F.). 
Western b km lock {Tsuga heterophylla) . — Detroit, Oreg., June 2, 
1899 (II.); Hoquiam, Wash. (II. 2167a) (see PL VIII, fig. 3). 
Douglas fir {Pseudotsuga mucronata). — St. Helena, Oreg. (H. 
116a). 
White fir {Abies concolor). — Oregon (A. M. 444); San Bernar- 
dino Mountains, Cal. Grinnell. 
White fir {Abies grandis). — Oregon (A. M. 446); McCloud, Cal. 
(11.21). 
WniTE fir {Abies amabilis). — Oregon (A. M. 447). 
Red fir {Abies magniftca). — California (A. M. 441). 
Red fir {Abies nobilis). — Oregon (A. M. 442). 
Big TREE {Sequoia washingtoniana) . — Near Grant National Park, 
Cal. (A. A. and A. M., 438). 
Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens). — Eureka,, Cal. (II.). 
Bald cypress {Taxodium distichum).- Boardman, N. C, March 
25 and April 3, 1904 (II.): Cottonport, La., Longbridge, La, 
[NCENSE CEDAB ( Ihgth rid <I< cum ns) . Oregon (II.). 
Canoe oedab (Thuja plicata). Washington, Mav 3, 1899 (II.). 
MoNi i:im:v CYPRESS {('ujinssus macracarpa). — Monterey, Cal. 
A M. 132). 
