CONIFEROUS TREES ATTACKED. 25 
Jersey, states that many young trees of tins species in Lee County, 
Fla., have been killed by sapsuckers. The long-leaf pine is attacked 
throughout its range. 
Pitch pixe (Pinus rigida). — Many trees of this species in the 
vicinity of Washington, D. C, show abundant evidence of sapsuckei 
attack. A specimen from Delslow, W. Va. (H. 6653), is from a tree 
which was killed by yellow-bellied sapsuckers (PL V, fig. 6). The 
sapsucker pecks are in vertical rows and are so numerous and closely 
placed that nearly half the bark is removed. Pitch pines in Rockfish 
Valley. Va., also are attacked. 
Poxd pixe (Pinus serotina). — Santee Club, South Carolina. 
Short-leaf pixe (Pinus echinata). — Hopkins states that young 
trees are injured or killed by sapsuckers. Specimens collected near 
Seven Locks, Montgomery County, Md., show that sapsucker injuries 
are sometimes followed by an attack of the fungus Peridermium cere- 
brum, causing large gall-like outgrowths which greatly disfigure the 
trees. 
Spruce pixe (Pinus glabra). — Santee River, S. C. (A. M. 472). 
Scrub pixe (Pinus virginiana) . — The statement regarding fungus 
attack in echinata applies also to this species, which we know to be 
punctured by sapsuckers at Morgantown, W. Va. (H.), and in the 
vicinity of the District of Columbia. A dead tree on Plummers Island, 
Md., showed a band 8 to 10 inches wide of closely set punctures, and 
in other parts of the tree vertical strips of the bark had been removed. 
Death may well have been due to the sapsucker injuries. 
Table-mountain pine (Pinus pungens). — Fairfax County, Va. 
Austrian pixe (Pinus laricio austriaca). — This species is widely, 
used for ornamental planting in the Lnited States. It is often dis- 
figured or even killed by the yellow-bellied sapsucker. Widmann 
(see Ben dire) says it is the bird's " favorite tree among our orna- 
mental evergreens. . . . The exudations of resin, the secondary 
result of the sapsucker's labors, mar the appearance of the trees by 
running down their sides or hardening into unsightly lumps." Clif- 
ford states that the sapsuckers ''do great damage to the . . . Aus- 
trian pines, sometimes girdling them so as to kill them," and Purdy 
notes that this species is one of the sapsucker's preferred food trees. 
An Austrian pine in the Department of Agriculture grounds bears 
considerable sapsucker work. Some of the pits are exceptionally 
large, and many are arranged in vertical rows. Dr. A. K. Fisher 
says that one of 7 or 8 Austrian pines at his old home in Ossining, 
N. Y., was favored by sapsuckers and worked upon extensively 
every fall. 
Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris). — This tree is occasionally planted 
for ornament and suffers from sapsuckers almost as severely as the 
Austrian pine. Widmann (see Bendire) says the Scotch pine is the 
