24 WOOM'KCKKRS IX RELATION TO TREES. 
Spruces, if not killed, are weakened and rendered unsightly. 
Wright say>: 
Here, in the garden, they attacked a large spruce one autumn, and the next spring 
the trunk wafl while with the Bap that leaked from the hundreds of "taps," and the 
tree lias never since recovered its vitality. 
Among the coniferous trees so badly affected are the most beautiful 
and valuable orna mental species, defacement or destruction of which 
is a serious offense. 
LIST OF PINACE.E ATTACK E I >. 
White pine (Pinus strobus). — The white pine is the most impor- 
tant tree of the eastern United States and is a valuable ornamental 
species. Hopkins states that young trees are injured or killed by 
sapsuckers; Horsford notes that he has "seen the white pine de- 
stroyed' ' .by these birds ; and Warren says : "In one garden fin Ra- 
cine, Wis.] all the . . . white pine trees were entirely killed." Evi- 
dently this species surfers severely from sapsuckers, and, as it is so 
valuable, the loss is serious. 
Limber pine (Pinus Jlexilis) . — Colorado (A. M. 499). 
Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) . — Washington (A. M. 498). 
One-leaved nut pine (Pinus monophylla) . — California (A. A. 
and A. M. 492). 
Nut pine (Pinus edulis). — Vermejo, N. Mex., May 6, 1903, (H.). 
Chihuahua pine (Pinus chihuahuana) . — Southern Arizona (A. M. 
491). 
Red pine (Pinus resinosa). — This species is rather infrequently 
used for ornamental purposes and generally goes under the name 
Norway pine. Butler (1890) says: "Norway pines in my yard have 
been girdled until they became puny, sickly trees and were cut 
down, and one tree was so girdled about two-tliirds of its height 
from the ground that it was broken off during a windstorm." A red 
pine in the grounds of the Smithsonian Institution at Waslungton 
bears considerable sapsucker work. 
Bull pine (Pinus ponderosa mayriana). — Santa Rita Mountains, 
Ariz. (A.M. 489). 
Lodgepole pine (Pinus murrayana) . — Uintah Mountains, Medi- 
cine Bow Range, Wyo. and Utah (II. 61751)"). 
Long-leaf pine (Pinus jmlustris). — At the Santee Club, South 
Carolina, fully 50 per cent of the Long-leaf pines bear sapsucker work, 
some to a disfiguring degree ; as protruding girdles have resulted. 
At Gainesville, Fla., sapsucker pecking is also plentiful on this 
species, hut on St. Vincent Island, Fla., only a few trees are punc- 
tured. Hopkins notes that the sapsucker injures or kills young 
trees. (His specimens are from Baldwin. Fla.j Boardman, X. ( J. : 
and Buna, Tex.) Ernest Napier, of the Game Commission of New 
