CONIFEROUS TREES ATTACKED. 
23 
THE YEW FAMILY (TAXACE^). 
Four arborescent species of this family occur in the United States, 
and three of them are known to be attacked by sapsuckers. These 
trees are little used for ornament, and as yet we have no evidence 
that sapsucker attacks have weakened or killed any of them. 
LIST OF TAXACE.E ATTACKED. 
Florida yew (Taxus ftoridana) — Bristol, Fla. (A. A. and A. M. 
411). 
Stixkixg cedar (Tumion taxifolium) . — River Junction, Fla. 
(A. A. and A.M. 414.) 
Oaliforxia nutmeg (Tumion calif ornicum) . — California (A. A. 
and A. M. 413). 
THE CONE-BEARIXG TREES (PINACE^). 
Tins large and important family of trees includes many of the 
finest ornamental forms. Almost half of the total number of native 
species, as well as several introduced forms, are known to be attacked 
by sapsuckers. The following table shows the number of indigenous 
species in each genus of the family and the number subject to at- 
tack by sapsuckers. There is little doubt that all are punctured 
at times. 
Pinacese attacked by sapsuckers. 
Genus. 
Number 
of native 
species. 
Number 
of these 
attacked. 
Introduced 
species 
attacked. 
Pine (Pinus) 
Larch (Larix) 
Spruce (Picea) 
Hemlock ( Tsuga) 
Fir (Pseudotsu-ga) 
Fir (Abies) 
Redwood (Sequoia) 
Bald cypress ( Taxodiu m ) 
Incense cedar ( Heyderia) . 
Arbor vitae (Thuja) 
Cypress ( Cupressus) 
Cedar ( Chamaecyparis) . . 
Juniper (Juniperus) 
42 
Several of the species attacked are known to have been seriously 
injured or killed, including 6 native and 2 introduced pines, 2 native 
and 1 introduced spruce, 2 native hemlocks, 2 firs, and 1 juniper. 
For Butler's testimony concerning injuries to pines see pages 20-21. 
Steere makes a more serious charge, saying the bird ''injures and 
oftentimes kills the pines, making so many holes that the trees bleed 
to death" (Annapolis, Md., Aug. 24, 1885). 
