G(> 
WOODPECKERS IN HKLATION TO TREES. 
HUMS Island, Md. It is evident that considerable loss may be occa- 
sioned by the work of Bapsuckers <>n red cedar. (Specimens from 
Plummers Island, Md.; Kanawha Station, W. Va. 
(II.); Illinois (F. 26487); and Florida (A. M. 417).) 
Species of Pinace^e blemished. — Whitebark 
pine, nut pine, bull pine (by Williamson sapsucker, 
II. 8516), lodgepole pine, long-leaf pine, pitch pine 
(II.) (PL XI, fig. 2), scrub pine, red spruce (II.). 
Engelmann spruce, weeping spruce, tideland spruce, 
eastern hemlock (II.), western hemlock, Douglas fir, 
Abies concolor, A. grandis, A. amabilis, A. magnifca 
(fig. 15), A. nobilis, big tree, bald cypress, incense 
cedar, canoe cedar, Monterey cypress, Macnab 
cypress, white cedar (II.), desert juniper, western 
juniper, and northern red cedar. 
• \ 
Fig. 14.— Effects of 
sapsucker work on 
wood ol rod cedar 
(Junipcrvs viigini- 
ana). Radial and 
tangential sections. 
(From Hopkins.) 
THE POPLARS AND WILLOW'S (sALICACE^e). 
The defects due to sapsucker w r ork on poplar vary 
from small, slightly stained checks to large open 
knotty cavities, bordered or partly filled with de- 
cayed wood. Sometimes these checks cause the de- 
velopment of adventitious buds, thus making true knots. Over these, 
as well as over the normally healed pecks, are curls in the grain, 
which in some 
cases are dupli- 
cated through a 
great many an- 
nual layers (fig. 
16). These or- 
nament the 
wood, but it is 
doubtful if they 
counterbalance 
t he disadvan- 
tage of the 
m a n y 1 a rge 
checks. The 
Latter unfit the 
wood of black 
cot t on wood . 
tacmahac, and 
Carolina poplar 
for one of its principal uses the manufacture of tubs, barrels, and 
woodenware. 
I i'.. 15.— Effects of Sapsucker work on wood of rod fir (Abies magnified). 
checks stains, gnaried and curled grain. 
