BLEMISHES IN WILLOW AND POPLAR. 
67 
Sapsucker work in willows is difficult to identify, both because the 
peeks in the bark are quickly effaced and because the appearance of 
the defects in the wood is so often complicated by adventitious buds. 
The usual appearances in the wood are small light stains and nipple- 
like projections over the healed wounds and consequent outward 
curling of the grain of many layers of wood (fig. 16). However, the 
checks and stains may be large and black (fig. 17). and extensive fight 
stain may permeate the wood in all directions from the original 
wound. The checks are sometimes filled with softer, ligliter-colored 
wood, and when ad- 
ventitious buds de- 
velop they increase 
the distortion of the 
grain and sometimes 
form t rue kno t s . Wil- 
low wood is little used 
in the United States, 
but the distortion of 
the grain caused by 
sapsuckers by no 
means improves it for 
any purpose. 
Species of Salica- 
ce.e blemished. 
Silver poplar (H.), 
swamp poplar, black 
cottonwood (fig. 1G), 
balm of Gilead, tac- 
mahac (A. A.), Caro- 
lina poplar (A. M.) 
(fig. 17), Salix longipes, 
S. laevigata (A. A.), S. 
toumeyi (A. A.), S. 
amygdaloides, S. lasiandra, S. interior, S. sessilif<>H<L S. missouriensis, 
S.lasiolepis,S. liookeriana, S. taxifolia (A. A.), S. sitcltensis, S. discolor, 
and S. scouleriana. 
Fig. 16. — Effects of sapsucker work on wood of black cottonwood 
(Populus trichocarpa). Checks, stains, buried adventitious buds, 
and curled grain. 
THE BAYBERBIES (mYRICACE.E ) . 
Defects due to sapsucker pecking have been noted in three of the 
four native arborescent species of this family — the bayberry. wax 
myrtle, and California bayberry. The blemishes vary from small 
brown checks to large open ones and black stains up to 2 or 3 inches 
square, but on account of the limited use made of the wood they are 
of economic significance in but one species, the California bayberry, 
which is used in cabinet work and turnery. 
