78 
WOODPECKEHS IX RELATION TO TREES. 
work and few of the accompanying blemishes. The matter is of no 
consequence in wood intended for crates, boxes, and composition 
boards. But tulip lumber figures extensively as afinishing material, 
often being stained to imitate mahog- 
any. The writer has gone over much 
tulip veneer, and can state with con- 
fidence that the percentage of material 
showing blemishes from sapsucker 
work is considerable. 
the pawpaws and pond apples 
(anonace^e) . 
'X 
I 
\ 
A large sapsueker peck in the wood 
of one specimen (A. M.) of pawpaw 
is not healed but is filled with an in- 
tensely black deposit. 
the laurel family (laurace^e) . 
i:.. 28.— Effects of sapsucker work on wood 
of slippery elm (Clmus Julia). Large 
Check and stains. 
The three species of this family in 
the wood of which blemishes due to 
sapsuckers have been noted are all 
seriously affected. The delects observed in the three species have 
little in common except a tendency to extensive lateral staining 
around the injured wood rings. 
Red bay {Per- 
sea borbonia).—A i^QBKfll^ 
Large proportion 
of red bay trees 
arc 1 vigorously 
a t t a c ke d by 
sapsuckers, and 
the resulting blem- 
ishes are severe. 
Gnarly open cavi- 
ties are produced. 
accompanied by GtL 
dark brown or 
black stains which 
extend far along 
the grain and are 
sometimes contin- 
uous around the wood rings (fig. 30). Many of the wounds take 15 
to jo years to heal, producing open fissures extending outward an 
inch or more. These fissures may be half an inch long vertically 
^m- 
% 
ts of Bapsucker work on wood of hackberry ( Celtia missis- 
sippieruis). Stains and loosely filled checks. 
