82 WOODPECKEBS IN RELATION TO TREES. 
Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos). — Brown stains penetrating 
the injured wood layer arc developed at the healed wounds, and they 
are often continuous around the annual 
ring. In such a case the layer consti- 
tutes a potential line of fracture. Many 
stains arc accompanied by open fissures 
Ra. extending outward. These defects are 
occasionally enlarged by much subsequent 
pecking until large, ramifying, open, 
black-stained cavities result. The exte- 
/ J rior of the tree is disfigured by large 
swollen girdles, and the wood in the 
girdles is gnarled and so full of checks 
and stains (figs. 32 and 33) that it is 
useless, except for fuel. 
THE RUE FAMILY (rUTACE^). 
But one species of this family is known 
to be injured by sapsuckers, but it is the 
valuable satinwood (Xa n thoxylumjlavum) , 
which is largely used for furniture and tool 
handles. Objectionable long dark stains 
are produced. 
THE MAHOGANY FAMILY (MELIACE^). 
The single native species of this family, 
mahogany, a cabinet wood of the highest 
value, is seriously blemished by sap- 
suckers. . 
.\ r ahogany (Swietenia maliagani) . — The 
wood is heavily stained around the origi- 
nal wounds and a lighter stain extends to 
a considerable depth and far along the 
grain. Cavities partly filled with brittle 
black material are formed, and gnarly 
growth characterizes the wood in the 
V immediate vicinity of the wounds. Curly 
I wood and a large bird's-eye are present in 
many annual rings succeeding the injury. 
Fio. 32. Effects of sapsucker work n ,, , « ,' i i 
on *ood of honey locusi {Qiedtoria Both delects and ornaments are produced 
Macantho*). Longitudinal section. j n (l,j s W ood, but to get the benefit of the 
<ln. tnd gnarly grain. , . ., , . , ..i » 
latter the logs must be sawn with refer- 
ence to the sapsucker work. As this is not practicable commer- 
cially, (he blemishes probably overbalance the embellishment-. 
