AXMWL P.KI'ORTs < l F I »K I'A KTM K N T OK AGKICri/I THK, 19 4" 
t ion in these the following spring was consistently low and indicated 
thai touch excellent working material had resulted which possessed 
resistance to both the hessian fly and disease. 
The pule western cm worm, w hich inhabits the Great Plain.- grain- 
<rrowin<r areas, leads an almost exclusively subterranean existence. 
It cannot be controlled by the usual means of poisoned bait and its 
attacks must be met entirely by cultural methods. Field observations 
showed that grains sown on ground kept in clean fallow during the 
previous growing season consistently escaped major infestation by 
this cut worm. It was also shown that deep furrows plowed across 
the path of advance of the cutworms were of some value as a pre- 
ventive measure where the worms were entering uninfected small grain 
from infested stubble fields. In pasture-land studies it was shown 
that the presence of certain species of grasses was favorable to the 
multiplication of cutworms, but that other grasses apparently had 
a repressive influence. 
Sporadic outbreaks of both the army worm and the fall armyworm 
were rather general in the summer of 1939, and scattered outbreaks of 
the latter occurred from the Gulf of Mexico to Xew York. 
INSECTS ATTACKING STOKED GRAINS 
The institution of the ever-normal granary and the consequent 
general increase in the quantities of grain stored on the farm have 
called for a determination of the most practical method of protecting 
such grain from attack by insect pests. 
After many experimental fumigations of grain contained in all 
types of bins commonly found on farms, it was determined that a 
dosage of 3 gallons of carbon disulfide to 1,000 bushels of grain gave 
satisfactory control except when the temperature of the grain was 
too high and a strong wind prevailed. Under these latter condition- 
excessive evaporation caused such a loss of fumigant that a defective 
kill resulted. Some danger of fire and explosion accompanies the u>e 
of carbon disulfide on farm premises, but a safe fumigant in these 
respects was found in the commercially available mixture of ethylene 
dichloride (75 parts) and carbon tetrachloride (25 parts). This was 
somewhat more costly, however, as twice as great a dosage, or 6 gallons 
per 1.000 bushels of grain, was required; 
It was determined that bagged wheat. Stacked in large piles in 
tightly constructed warehouses, could be successfully fumigated with 
methyl bromide, 1 pound to 1,000 cubic feet of Space. 
Wheat and other small grains are known to have some infestation 
when harvested. A survey of wheat in farm storage in Kansas indi- 
cated that more than 90 percent of farm bins of wheal were infested 
in eastern Kansas and that conditions in Oklahoma and Missouri were 
-till worse. In Illinois south of Champaign cribbed corn was heavily 
infested with the Angoumoh grain moth, so that by September 100 
percent of the ears and from l\Q to 50 percent of the kernels were 
in Fested. 
The use of heat for control of insects attacking stored grain i- a 
simple and practical method of protection. An apparatus was de- 
signed to heat the grain while it flowed through a revolving cylinder. 
Temperatures of 210 to 212 F. for from L0 to 40 seconds killed all 
