58 ANNfAl. BE PORTS OF DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1940 
land-clearing operations facilitated materially the application of 
control measures and increased their effectiveness. 
Full cooperation was iriven by the affected State- in the program, 
[ntrastate quarantines were enacted and enforced. 
MORMON CRICKET CONTROL 
Mormon crickel control was carried on in cooperation with the. 
States of Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, Oregon, 
South Dakota. Washington, and Wyoming, with funds allotted to 
the Bureau from appropriations granted for the control of emer- 
gency outbreaks of insect pests and plant diseases. Other Federal 
agencies cooperating in the program included the Indian Service and 
other branches of the Department of the Interior, the Soil Consei Na- 
tion Service, the Civilian Conservation Corps, and the Forest Serv- 
ice. The plan of operation and the division of activities of the re- 
spective Federal and State agencies as worked out in advance of the 
field season were similar to those of the previous year. 
Mormon cricket adult and egg surveys conducted in the summer 
and fall of 11)39 indicated that more than 14.000.000 acres were in- 
fested, a reduction of about 4,000,000 from the previous season. 
More than 1.000.000 pounds of sodium arsenite dust were used in 
protecting crops from invasion by migrating crickets. 
The hatching of crickets in 1940 began soon after the middle of 
March, and control operations were begun on April 7. Approxi- 
mately 400 laborers were employed at the peak of operations in 
June. Sodium fluosilicate bait was used in all infested States and 
gave satisfactory control even in areas of heavy infestation. This 
material has been specially valuable in districts where both grass- 
hoppers and crickets are present. At the end of the year nearly 
1,200.000 pounds (dry weight) of bait had been spread on more 
than 100.000 acres, metal hairier had been set up for about '200 
miles, and more than 25.000 gallons of oil had been used in oiling 
streams and irrigation ditches. It is estimated that the operations 
protected more than 1,000,000 acres of crop lands. Damage occurred 
on only about 7.000 acres of crops. Some loss to vegetation occurred 
on 900,000 acres of range land. Serious infestations of Mormon 
crickets in Montana and Wyoming have been reduced to a st;ii us 
of little economic importance. Here and elsewhere the increased 
use of power equipment in spreading dust and bait has made possi- 
ble increased protection at a reduced cost. 
GRASSHOPPER CONTROL 
Operations for the control of grasshoppers in 24 Western States 
were continued in cooperation with the States and with the aitl of 
other Federal agencies, including the Indian Service and other 
branches of the Department of the Interior, the Federal Crop Insur- 
ance Corporation, the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Soil 
Conservation Service, the Forest Service, and the Agricultural 
Adjustment Administration, Funds allocated to this Bureau from 
tie' appropriation for the control of incipient and emergency out- 
break- of insect pests and plant diseases were Used. 
Control operations for the L989 crop season were concluded during 
the earlj part of the year. The in rotations during the L989 season 
