44 A N X I ' A r . RBPOSTS (>F DEPARTMENT OB &GBIGUI/TUBE, 1940 
beetle-infested wood and thai susceptible to infesiatioD was carried 
on in the Indianapolis work area during the winter. 
An ice storm on the nighl of March 3 and the morning of March 4 
caused widespread damage to elms in large sections of the infected 
sons. In some sect ions this damage approached or exceeded thai done 
by the hurricane of September UW*. particularly insofar as the pro- 
duction of elm wood subject to elm bark beetle attack i- concerned. 
The principal damage by the hurricane was the blowing dow n of entire 
t rees. The Lee t hat collected on the t roes during the ice storm, however, 
broke off Large branches and left many hanging that had to be removed 
before spring emergence of elm bark' beetles. Ice coated the tree- bo 
thickly that in sections severely affected there was scarcely an elm in 
which there were not one or more ''hangers." The emergency sii nation 
resulting from the ice storm made it necessary to deviate from the 
regular work program. In some section- the storm left more ma- 
terial susceptible to infestation than existed in the work locations 
before elm-sanitation work was begun. In the town of Ridgefield, 
Conn., for example, a survey showed that 100 men would be required 
for a year to remove and dispose of damaged elm wood. In lower 
Westchester County, N. Y., it was estimated that approximately 
300,000 elms had hanging branches over 3 inches in diameter that 
required removal. 
Security-wage workers employed in winter eradication and elm 
sanitation numbered from 1.550 to 2.450. The W. P. A. personnel 
averaged around 2.300 during the last quarter of the year. 
SCOURCES OF FUNDS 
Operations were carried on during the year tinder a regular de- 
partmental appropriation of $500,000. plus supplementary allotments 
by the Work Projects Administration of S-J.O4u.085 for field opera- 
tions and $55,827 for administrative expenses. State appropriations 
or allotments made available for eradication work by cooperating 
agencies amounted to $10,000 in Connecticut. $1,875 in Indiana. $500 
in Maryland, $5,000 in Massachusetts, $37,755 in New Jersey, $93,268 
in New' York, and $1,500 in Rhode Island. 
WHITE-PINE BLISTER RUST CONTROL 
PROGRESS OF RIB ESS ERADICATION IN 1939 
The control of white-pine (blister rust iu the United States was 
carried on largely with relief labor. Cooperation was maintained 
with the Forest Service and Soil Conservation Service of the De- 
partment of Agriculture, with the National Park Service and the 
Office of Indian Affairs of the Department of the Interior, and with 
States, counties, townships, and individuals. 
The combined work of the Bureau and its cooperating agencies 
during the calendar year L939 resulted in the eradicat ion of Si2..'U 1,851 
currant and gooseberry plants (Ribes) on white pine control areas 
totaling [ ? 86o,203 acres. This acreage include- 1,157,112 acres of 
initial work and 706,09] of rework. The latter acreage is made up 
of portions of initially worked area- on which control of the rust is 
