BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE 
23 
Affected States have established quarantines to regulate the intra- 
state and interstate movement of restricted materials from regulated 
areas. The Bureau cooperates in the enforcement of such measures 
and during the spring of 1940 inspected 1.003 nurseries, growing over 
24.000.000 peach trees. 144 budwood properties, and the environs within 
1 mile of hoth nurseries and budwood properties. In the States where 
phony peach is known to occur, all but 3 nurseries met the certification 
requirements by removing, prior to June 30, all diseased trees found 
within 1 mile. In the area of the mosaic disease L31 tiurseries and 
dealers failed to meet certification requirements and were prohibited 
from shipping peach or plum nursery stock. Fourteen budwood 
sources failed to meet the certification requirements because mosaic- 
infected trees were found either in the orchard or within 1 mile of it. 
Nurseries planning to use buds from these sources were immediately 
notified of the findings, and buds were obtained from other sources 
which met certification requirements. This action prevented 4 nurs- 
eries, growing over 274.000 trees, from securing buds from mosaic- 
infected sources. 
More than 6.000.000 abandoned and escaped trees were removed, 
many possible sources of infection being thereby eliminated. All 
activities were conducted in close cooperation with the affected States. 
CITRUS CANKER ERADICATION 
Inspections for citrus canker were conducted in 11 counties in Texas 
and 18 parishes in Louisiana, with the assistance of State inspectors. 
Properties on which citrus canker had been found in previous years 
were intensively and repeatedly inspected, as were wild host plants and 
abandoned orchards. The activities in Texas were chiefly in 4 counties 
of the Galveston area, where canker has been found since 1935, and in 
the lower Rio Grande Valley. Citrus-growing nurseries of the Gulf 
coast area of Texas were also thoroughly inspected. No infections of 
canker have been found in or near any of these nurseries in recent 
years. 
Louisiana State inspectors discovered citrus canker on one property 
in Jefferson Parish involving 804 trees, which were promptly de- 
stroved. No c anker has been found anywhere in Texas since September 
1938. 
The employment of relief labor in Texas under allotments from 
emergency relief appropriations made possible the removal and de- 
struction of over 335,000 escaped and abandoned citrus trees, a large 
majority of which were Citins trifohata. The effectiveness of this 
type of work is indicated by the fact that, in reworking formerly 
infected properties, very few seedlings of these trees were found. This 
is encouraging in view of the difficulties experienced during previous 
years with recurring infections of canker on small seedlings of this 
species. 
INSECTS AFFECTING FOREST AND SHADE TREES 
PINE BARK BEETLES 
There was no marked change in the amount of loss caused by bark 
beetles in the Western States/ The outbreak of the Black Hill- beetle 
in the Central Rocky Mountains that was so destructive during the 
period of 1935-39, as described in last year's report, has been reduced 
