BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE 
7 
prevented from emerging by spring cultivation as ordinarily em- 
ployed. Forty-five percent of the mot lis were prevented Prom emerg- 
ing by fall plowing, but the method as used in the experiment has 
certain serious disadvantages from a horticultural standpoint. 
An all-season treatment that included four applications of pheno- 
thiazine gave a high degree of control of the grape berry moth under 
conditions of moderate infestation. In a severely infested vineyard 
the results were a little less satisfactory. The fruit showed com- 
paratively little spray residue. 
A tank-mix nicotine bentonite program that included four applica- 
tions during the season gave an outstanding degree of control, even 
under conditions of severe infestation, but it left such a heavy deposit 
of visible residue as to render the fruit unmarketable, except possibly 
for wine or juice. In a single test, copper arsenate gave compara- 
t ively poor control of the grape berry moth. 
In tests carried on in small vineyard plots, four different dust mix- 
tures, including as active ingredients calcium arsenate, nicotine, 
rotenone. and pyrethrum, respectively, gave poor control of the grape 
berry moth. 
NUT INSECTS 
Field experiments for the control of the hickory shuckworm on 
pecan were carried on at Albany, Ga., with six spray combinations. 
Three of them, (1) tank-mix nicotine bentonite, (2) nicotine sulfate 
with rosin-residue emulsion and fish oil, and (3) a dust of sulfur and 
lime containing 5 percent of lubricating oil. gave definite reductions 
in the proportions of infested nuts. These reductions were not re- 
flected in the total yield at harvest time, since much of the attack 
occurred after the shells had hardened, when shuckw T orm infestation 
does not usually reduce yield to any great extent. 
Further rearings were made of parasites in overwintering larvae 
of the hickory shuckworm in pecan at Albany, Ga. An additional 
introduction was made of M aero centrus ancylivorus, an important 
parasite of the closely related oriental fruit moth. It has not yet 
been determined whether this parasite will adapt itself to the 
shuckworm. 
The Monticello, Fla., laboratory obtained a high degree of control 
of the pecan nut casebearer by spraying late in the summer with lead 
arsenate or calcium arsenate, combined with bordeaux mixture, which 
lessens the danger of foliage injury. This treatment would he of 
benefit to the crop of the following season, rather than to the current 
crop. The results at the same laboratory with dormant sprays of tar 
oil distillates for the control of the casebearer were in line with those 
previously reported. The Brownwood, Tex., laboratory obtained 
further favorable results in the control of this insect by' the use of 
cryolite. 
In northern Florida examination of pecan twigs showed that on 
the opening buds of an early variety the overwintering larvae of both 
the pecan nut casebearer and the pecan leaf casebearer were active 
and feeding 2 weeks earlier than on the buds of a late variety in 
the same orchard. Apparently the opening of the buds, rather than 
the direct influence of weather conditions, causes the larvae to leave 
their winter quarters. Pecan nut casebearer larvae were again reared 
