BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE 83 
The most important developments in connection with the status of 
infestation were the increase in infestation in the lower Rio Grande 
Valley counties of Texas and Mexico, spread of infestation from that 
region to additional southern and southwestern Texas counties, and 
the development of light infestations in several additional west- 
central counties of Texas in the vicinity of San Angelo and Colorado. 
Control measures practiced in the eastern end of the Salt River Val- 
ley resulted in there being practically no infestation in that part of 
Arizona in 1939, but a fairly heavy infestation was found in ;t limited 
area in the Glendale section north of Phoenix, in Maricopa County. 
Outstanding results were obtained in connection with intensive con- 
trol which was practiced in the Big Bend of Texas and Mexico in 
1938 and 1939, as infestation in that area was decreased to such an 
extent that no commercial damage was experienced, whereas in previ- 
ous years from 50 to 75 percent of the crop had been destroyed by 
the pink bollworm. 
CONTROL PROGRAMS IN THE VARIOUS REGULATED AREAS 
LOW Eli RIO GRANDE VALLEY AND COASTAL BEND AREAS 
A special appropriation was made by the Congress for conducting 
a comprehensive clean-up program in the lower Rio Grande Valley 
and Coastal Bend areas in southern Texas. An intensive clean-up 
was conducted in a limited area of approximately 12,000 acres in the 
vicinity of Brownsville, Tex., because the pink bollworm infestation 
had built up in that section until it was possible to find as many as 
1,000 pink bollworms in the trash from 1 bale of cotton. The clean-up 
measures practiced in the remainder of the infested counties in south- 
ern Texas consisted in the immediate destruction of cotton stalks 
following harvesting of the crop so as to stop the propagation of the 
pink bollworm. The farm operators themselves destroyed the plants 
and were reimbursed in part by the Federal Government for the cost 
of this operation. In those areas in which rank-growing stalks oc- 
curred a flat payment of 75 cents per acre was made and in the rest 
of the area, where the plants do not grow so rank, a payment of 50 
cents per acre. This early destruction of plants was followed by an 
intensive program which had for its purpose the elimination of volun- 
teer cotton growing in abandoned places in an almost wild state. 
This volunteer cotton had to be eliminated from the areas to prevent 
it from serving as a winter host for the pink bollworm. The addi- 
tional counties in southern Texas found infested late in the summer 
of 1939 were not included in the original control program, so a 
volunteer stalk-destruction program was undertaken in those counties 
with a fair degree of success, although the destruction of plains was 
not effected so promptly as in the old regulated areas where the 
farmers were partly reimbursed for the cost of the job. 
BIG BEND AREA OF TEXAS 
An intensive control program designed to reduce the degree of 
infestation of the pest in the Big Bend area of Texas was inaugurated 
early in 1938. This program called for early planting of the crop 
during that year so that the plants might be destroyed early in the 
fall following the harvest. It was thought that this early destruction 
