BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE 45 
in four applications in Georgia. Parathion residues were well below 
1 part per million, even when this material was used in five applica- 
tions, the last one 2 weeks before harvest. 
In southern Indiana injury by plum curculio was held to a low level 
on lightly infested apples by application of a calyx and two cover 
sprays containing any one of the following materials to 100 gallons: 
Methoxychlor (50 percent), 3 pounds; dieldrin (25 percent), 2 
pounds; aldrin (25 percent), 2 pounds; lead arsenate, 3 pounds: DDT 
(50 percent), 2 pounds, plus lead arsenate, 2 pounds; lindane (25 
percent), 1.5 pounds, plus lead arsenate, 2 pounds: parathion (15 per- 
cent), 1.5 pounds; and EPX (27 percent), 0.75 pound. 
New Insecticides Valuable in Control of Oriental Fruit Moth 
DDT and parathion have given excellent results against the oriental 
fruit moth. In eastern Illinois a five-application spray schedule of 
parathion held injury to peaches to less than 1 percent, as compared 
to I and 1-1 percent in two blocks nearby that were dusted with benzene 
hexachloride. In Xew Jersey both parathion and DDT gave signif- 
icant reductions in injury in orchards where they were used as pre- 
harvest applications. EPX also gave excellent results. 
In other field tests in Xew Jersey three applications of parathion 
during the period of first-brood moth activity practically eliminated 
the adult moths and prevented injury to peach twigs in the treated 
area through most of the period Avhen the larvae normally work in 
them. Although no additional sprays were applied, fruit injury at 
harvest was lower than in orchards nearby where no control measures 
for this insect were used. The results point to the possible value of 
a first-brood suppression program, especially in orchards not near a 
source of reinfestation. 
Parathion residues weathered rapidly to below 0.5 p. p. m. in all 
tests in Xew Jersey and Ohio. DDT residues were generally above 
5 p. p. m. if used in two or three preharvest applications in the same 
areas. Although residues from sprays applied by growers are usually 
less than those from experimental applications, it may be impossible 
to use enough DDT to control the oriental fruit moth without exces- 
sive harvest residue. Residues of EPX^ were slightly more persistent 
than those of parathion. 
Parasites Combine With Insecticides To Control Oriental Fruit Moth 
A combination of parasites and insecticides gave excellent results 
against the oriental fruit moth in Xew Jersey. Under conditions in 
which 21 percent of the fruit was injured at harvest in the absence of 
control measures, the proportion of injured fruit was reduced 02 per- 
cent by the liberation of parasites and from 84 to 90 percent by the 
combined use of parasites ancl insecticides, either parathion or DDT. 
Mass liberations of parasites alone generally reduce fruit injury by 
about 50 percent. 
Use of the new insecticides has not yet seriously affected parasites 
of the oriental fruit moth, studies in Xew Jersey indicate. The para- 
sitization following moderate to heavy exposures to the new organic 
insecticides is very nearly as high as that before the insecticides were 
used. Heavy parasitization of first- and second-brood larvae in Ohio 
