BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE 51 
The tests also provide a theoretical basis for improvements in both 
airplane sprayer design and airplane duster development. 
The work was done in cooperation with the Bureau of Plant Indus- 
try, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering, the agricultural experi- 
ment stations of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and the pea canners. 
It was financed largely with funds authorized under the Research and 
Marketing Act and with funds contributed by the canners. 
Lindane in Transplanting Water Protects Tobacco Seedlings From 
Wireworm Injury 
Lindane protects small tobacco seedlings against wireworm injury 
when added to the transplanting water, according to the results of 
experiments conducted in South Carolina. The material was used at 
the rate of 0.25 ounce of 25-percent lindane wettable powder in 50 gal- 
lons of the water used for transplanting. Using the same method of 
application, 4 to 8 ounces of 50-percent chlordane wettable powder, 
or 4 to 6 ounces of 15-percent parathion wettable powder, gave fair 
to good protection of the plants against wireworms, but these mate- 
rials were less effective than lindane and more expensive. A dosage 
of 8 ounces of 15-percent parathion wettable powder, or an equal 
quantity of 50-percent TDE wettable powder, caused the rotting of 
many of the treated tobacco plants and the TDE gave little protection 
against wireworms. The transplanting water was applied at the rate 
of 300 to 400 gallons an acre. 
The experiments were conducted in cooperation with the Bureau of 
Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering and the South 
Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. 
Toxaphene May Affect Odor of Flue-Cured Tobacco 
Under some conditions the use of toxaphene on flue-cured tobacco 
to combat hornworms, grasshoppers, cutworms, and the suckfly may 
impart an objectionable odor to the cured tobacco. This effect was 
particularly noticeable when toxaphene was applied to the tobacco 
crop in heavy dosages after the plants were approximately 2 feet 
high in experiments in South Carolina. The experiments indicated 
that the objectionable odor was more likely to occur when toxaphene 
was applied in an emulsion spray, owing possibly to the effect of the 
solvent, or emulsifier, used in preparing the emulsion. 
The odor tests were made in cooperation with the research labora- 
tory of a tobacco company. The test samples were tobacco leaves 
that had been carried through the regular commercial processes of 
curing, bulking, grading, redrying, stripping, accelerated airing, and 
manufacturing. The odor of toxaphene could be detected to some 
extent in all of the treated samples when the cured tobacco was made 
into cigarettes and smoked or was heated. 
The experiments were conducted in cooperation with the Bureau of 
Plant Industry, Soils, and Agricultural Engineering and the South 
Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. 
Effect of Insecticides in Soil on Certain Crops Studied 
The widespread use of insecticides on crop foliage has created the 
problem of determining the effects of their presence in the soil on the 
