r f 
berry as as aid In combating black stem rust, and the control and prevention 
of spread of white pine blister rust, were financed under allotments of i 
geney funds rather than being provided for in the regular appropriations made 
for the work of the Bureau. Special allotments of emergency funds 
also made available to aid in the eradication of the Dutch elm disease and 
measures to suppress an infestation of the Japanese beetle discovered at 
St. Louis, Mo. 
INSECT PEST SURVEY AND INFORMATION 
During the year the Survey added to the permanent Jibs of information on 
the distribution and abundance of insects over 12,000 notes on American insect 
pests and over 7.000 on insect pests of other countries, bringing the total 
number now available for consultation to over 226,000. A new feature of the 
mimeographed Insect Pest Survey Bulletin was started by issuing supplemental 
numbers as an avenue for the publication of more extensive and detailed 
survey reports on special subjects, such as The Species and Distribution of 
Qrasshoppers Responsible for the 1934 Outbreak, and Insect Notes from Oosta 
Rica in 1934. 
During the year, 116 articles covering various phases of the activities of the 
Bureau were released to the press. A complete program for radio re 
was prepared for the year and 39 talks were put on the air. The use of film 
strips as a means of visual education has been very greatly stimulated during 
the year. The construction of a comprehensive exhibit on the activities of the 
Bureau, to be shown at the San Diego Exposition, was planned and super- 
vised. During the year over 100.000 publications were distributed, exclusive 
of those sent out on regular mailing lists and miscellaneous mimeographed 
material prepared from time to time. 
FRUIT INSECT INVESTIGATIONS 
APPLE INSECTS 
The major portion of the funds available for the work on apple in 
including a special allotment made by the Public Works Administration, was 
used for investigations on the codling moth in an effort to develop a satisfactory 
and practical means of controlling the insect that does not result in objection- 
able residues at harvest time. 
The large-scale tests of various insecticides carried on during the calendar 
year 1034 at numerous points indicated that lead arsenate is still the most 
generally satisfactory material available, although not fully effective in the 
control of severe infestations. Closely approaching lead arsenate in effect ivo- 
aess was the nicotine-oil treatment, which, however, involves certain difficulties 
in practical use. The fixed nicotine materials, nicotine bentonite and nicotine 
tannate, gave indications sufficiently favorable to warrant the hope that a 
practical Insecticide may exist somewhere in this group of materials. Mixtures 
of ground derris. cube, and pyrothrum with kaolin, applied as sprays, were 
Ineffective for codling moth control. Laboratory studies to develop new ami 
objectionable LnsecticidaJ compounds, preliminary to more extensive field 
experimentation with the more promising materials, were continued. During 
the 1935 season extensive tests arc being made with phenot hia/.ine. a material 
which is made by fusing sulphur with diphenylamino. This compound was 
flrsl prepared by the Insecticide Division, and in laboratory experiments in 
vxw it was found to be very toxic to codling moth Larvae. Preliminary 
results Of both field and laboratory experiments in the sea>on of 1935 are very 
encouraging, although, when combined with mineral oil and with soybean oil, 
the material 1ms caused serious injury. Much further field work is of Course 
needed before the exact possibilities and limitat ions of this material can be 
determined. 
The large-scale experiment conducted in 1984 in southern Indiana in which 
one-half of a LO-acre orchard was thoroughly cleaned up and banded indicated 
that these practices reduced the injury to the fruit by the codling moth by 
.".it t<. .",(> percent, thUS furnishing experimental proof ^l' the soundness of the 
present recommendations. Experiments with orchard sanitation and banding 
are being carried on in southern Indiana, West Virginia, Washington, and 
Oregon, and include detailed experiments with banding to determine the exact 
load of the chemical mixture needed for full effectiveness under conditions 
existing in various regions 
