BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE 17 
of £268,663 on 77.611 acres, or an average per acre damage of $3.46. There are 
in Cumberland County 330,080 acres, 51,087 of which are in marsh land. As 
the county is primarily agricultural, there are in it approximately 278,093 till- 
able acres. Figured at the average damage per acre, county-wide damage of 
$965,316 is estimated. Irrespective of possible factors that might reduce this 
estimate, it is apparent that Japanese beetle damage is an import ant factor in 
the cost of producing farm commodities in this southern Now .Jersey county. 
From an analysis of the collected data, it is the conclusion of the Cumberland 
County planning engineer that concentration of the infestation in the vicinity 
of Shiloh is due chiefly to the inability of the beetles to cross Delaware Bay, 
thus resulting in a piling up of the insect in that section. A similar survey 
was made as an Emergency Relief Administration project in the adjoining 
county of Gloucester, but data collected were not made available to the 
Bureau. 
In heavily infested agricultural sections in southern New Jersey, sections that 
for years have been subject to intensive beetle damage are still holding their 
maximum populations. For 3 consecutive years early maturing apples in 
certain orchards have been rendered unsalable by beetle feeding. In the Phila- 
delphia water-front district the heavy flight of the adult expected in 1933 did not 
occur. In the summer of 1934 the insect resumed its heavy flight in the wharf 
and market districts, contradicting previous indications that the population 
might have decreased permanently. The adult flight in Philadelphia lasted for 
nearly 5 weeks, from July 11 to August 13. 
Beetle feeding in one block of 1,200 Yellow Transparent apples located in 
southern New Jersey was responsible for almost complete destruction of the 
crop. In 1933, 3,600 bushels were harvested from the orchard. Only 36 bushels 
could be picked in 1934. Other severe commercial damage was evident through- 
out the densely infested sections. 
Flotations of adult beetles in Delaware Bay, Raritan Bay, and the Atlantic 
Ocean were again observed, but not to the same extent as in 1933. The flotation 
from New Jersey to the Delaware shore on Delaware Bay was most pronounced 
in mid- July. Beetles were washed up on the beaches of Long Island on August 10. 
Although Waterville, Maine, was included within the regulated zone as an 
extension of territory resulting from the spread determined in 1933. trapping was 
repeated there again in 1934 to learn whether the record-breaking subzero weather 
between the two seasons had killed off the overwintering grub population. In- 
stead of 204 traps being operated for 30 days, as in 1933. this year 300 traps were 
set for 40 days; and, whereas last year 139 beetles were trapped, this year's 
capture increased to 299. Apparently the soil temperature at a depth of 6 
inches or more did not decline sufficiently to affect larval survival. 
SUPPRESSIVE MEASURES 
Another progressive reduction in the number of beetles captured in Erie, Pa., 
was recorded as a result of trapping in that city. A total of 1,427 traps was in 
operation from July 6 to September 8. This was the largest concentration of 
traps ever set in the city. Successive years' captures in Erie have been : 1931, 
171; 1932, 282; 1933, 167; and 1934, 114. Of the 1934 total. 43 specimens were 
survivors of infestations discovered in 1933 and first treated in the fall of thai 
year. Most of the remainder represents spread not previously determined. The 
significant feature of the control work in Erie is that intensive trapping in the 
older infested section of over 44 acres, where the soil has been poisoned for a 
period of 2 or more years, disclosed only 3 beetles emerging from the entire 
area. Continuing the intensive eradication measures of previous years in Erie, 
the sections surrounding infestations found during 1934 in unpoisoned areas were 
treated with lead arsenate at the rate of 1,000 pounds per acre. This treatment, 
involving the application of the soil insecticide to 6.6 acres, was accomplished 
between September 10 and 17. immediately following lifting of the traps for the 
season. 
Approximately 2,600 traps were set from June 19 to Augusl 25, 1934, in the 
sections of St. Louis, Mo., believed mosl likely to be infested, with the resulting 
capture of 1,351 beetles. Funds were made available by Executive order thai 
enabled the Bureau to apply lead arsenate to all sections of the city where beetles 
had been caught. Work was begun on September 26 and concluded on Novemb t 
3. In all. 22o mns of lend arsenate were applied t-> 440 acres comprising the 
soil area in 117 infested cit\ blocks. Tin- is the Largest control program ever 
24118 — 3^ 2 
