BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY AND PLANT QUARANTINE 
21 
emergence of the insect, densely infested with the beetle. As a condition of 
certification of fruits and vegetables, other than onions and potatoes, moving via 
refrigerator car from the zone of flight, there are required inspection and loading 
in a manner to prevent infestation, in a refrigerator car with closed or ade- 
quately screened doors and hatches, which car prior to loading has heen deter- 
mined by an inspector as thoroughly swept and cleaned hy the common carrier 
in a manner to rid it of infestation. During the interval between cleaning and 
loading the car must be kept tightly closed and sealed. Fumigation, when 
deemed necessary by the conditions of beetle flight, is required in the case of 
onions and potatoes moving via refrigerator car from the same sections. No 
change in regulated area was involved in this revision of the regulations. 
Tests were necessary to devise a method of fumigating refrigerator cars 
containing potatoes and onions shipped from heavily infested sections while 
the insect is in active flight. As finally devised, the equipment to be used 
consists of a pressure cylinder of liquid hydrocyanic acid with an applicator. 
By testing tips with various-sized holes, it was finally determined that one with 
a hole 0.002 inch in diameter would deliver 6 ounces of hydrocyanic acid in 1 
minute under a pressure of SO pounds. In practice the loaded refrigerator 
cars will be tightly closed, except for a narrow opening in one door through 
which a nozzle 3 feet long may be inserted. After discharge of the gas for 1 
minute, the door is closed and the car sealed for a 2-hour fumigation period. 
Since adult beetles did not emerge during June in numbers sufficient to 
constitute a flight, this fumigation procedure was not employed during the 
present fiscal year. 
Activities incident to the seasonal quarantine on fruits, vegetables, and cut 
flowers were fully organized on July 1, 1934. Inspectors were stationed at 
37 inspection centers located at important shipping points throughout the regu- 
lated area. South-bound and west-bound trucks transporting fruits and vege- 
tables from the heavily infested sections were required to report for inspection 
at platforms in Fredericksburg, Va., and Pittsburgh, Pa., respectively. This 
designation of inspection centers was occasioned by the fact that motor vehicles 
transporting certified products become infested with the flying beetles as the 
trucks proceed through the flight zone. With the scene of inspection trans- 
ferred to a nonflight section, there were no such opportunities for reinfestation. 
CERTIFICATES ISSUED, VIOLATIONS INVESTIGATED, AND PROSECUTIONS 
TERMINATED 
In the course of the fiscal year a total of 484,427 certificates of all kinds were 
issued to cover products affected exclusively by the Japanese beetle quarantine. 
Table 9 shows the quarantined articles intended for shipment from the 
regulated area and for use in certified greenhouses, or surface soil in nursery 
plots, heeling-in, or plunging areas, which were fumigated or sterilized during 
the 12-month period. 
Table 9. — Materials fumigated or sterilized under Japanese beetle quarantine 
regulations, fiscal year 1935 
Treatment 
Plants 
Potting 
soil 
Mush- 
room soil 
Leaf 
mold 
Sand 
Surface 
soil 
Surface 
soil with 
plants 
Berries 
Bananas 
Arsenate of lead... 
Xumber 
Cu. yds. 
74 
2,390 
56 
699 
Cu. yds. 
Cu. yds. 
Cu. yds. 
Sq.ft. 
76.768 
27, 415 
27,881 
Sq. ft. 
1,600.254 
Crates 
Bun-he s 
Carbon disulphide 
gas or emulsion-. 
10,046 
80 
6 
3,252 
1,987 
... 
Naphthalene 
Steam 
Hydrocyanic acid. 
87,001 
Hot water 
3,192 
6.865 
Paradichloroben- 
zene 
Nursery and ornamental stock, sand, soil, earth, peat, compost, and manure 
were certified for shipment from the regulated areas during the fiscal year in 
the following quantities: 
Plants number-. 25, 155, 327 
Sand, earth, and clay carloads— 5,829 
Peat do 58 
Manure and compost do mi 
