30 ANNUAL REPORTS 01 DEPARTMENT OP AGRIOUI/TUBB, 1935 
parks, and l Indian reservation. Bo Car the results of the survey show that 
there are over 4,250,000 acres on 12 national forests, '•>> national parks, and l 
Indian reservation supporting white pine, and that over 500,000 acres «>f this 
area Bupport comparatively valuable white pine stands. The white pines 
i of three species— Pinna /i'xih.s, the Umber pine, which occurs through- 
out the timbered areas of both States; P. albicoulis, the white-bark pine, found 
in northwestern Wyoming; and P. aristata, the bristlecone pine, which occurs 
in all the forests of Colorado except the extreme northern and northwestern 
ones. The commercial value of these white pines was not great, although they 
provide railroad ties, mine props, lumber, fence DOStS, and fuel wood lor local 
In addition, they are very valuable for the protection of watersheds, the 
prevent ion of soil erosion, and the sheltering of wildlife, and for recreational 
and scenic areas. There are 11 species of Bibes in this region, in abundance 
they range from 1 to 38 hushes per acre in the upland type- and from J^- to 
279 bushes pel' acre in the moist stream bottoms. It appears that on the I 
supporting good White pine stands the control of blister rust by Jiibc-i eradica- 
tion would be practicable at a moderate COSt. 
WHITE PINE BLISTER RUST QUARANTINE ENFORCEMENT 
An increased demand for white-pine stock was noted by nurserymen applying 
for Federal shipping permits last year. Commercial nurseries inspected for 
Federal certification in the spring of 1935 were found to be practically sold 
out, and this Bureau has received more applications lor permits from Federal 
and State nurseries than in previous years. The practicability of growing 
rust-free pints in infected regions, uuder the sanitation requirements of the 
white pine blister rust quarantine, has been demonstrated. The quarantine 
requires fitoes-free zones for the growing of five-leafed pines in infected spates 
for interstate shipping under Federal permit. Alter a nurseryman effects 
eradication of currant and gooseberry plants within the specified zones, under 
the leadership of trained State and Federal blister rust control agent-, an 
inspector of this Bureau makes a search for any remaining sprouts or 
and the crew may be required to cover the area repeatedly before the nursery 
Is finally certifi< n year thereafter the environs are inspected for sprouts, 
seedlings, or home plantings of currants and gooseberries in the sanitation 
/ones. Twenty-eight nurseries, including State nurseries of Idaho. Virginia, 
and Ohio, ami United States Forest Service nurseries in West Virginia and 
Montana, were certified during the fiscal year and were granted pine-shipping 
permit-. A third Forest Service nursery, having destroyed several thousand 
Hibes seedlings in the surrounding zones, was approved for white pine seeding. 
The quarantine was amended, effective March 15, 1935, to require that ship- 
ment of currant and gooseberry plants to Minnesota must be accompanied 
by a control-area permit from that State. Such action was in recognition of a 
; Minnesota regulation setting aside two pine-growing areas in which no 
currant or gooseberry plants may be grown. Ten States have now set aside 
Buch areas, legally established, and the Federal quarantine regulations provide 
that no Uihcs may be shipped to these Siates without a control -area permit 
from the quarantine officer of the State of destination. 
Transit Inspectors enforcing quarantines at railway terminals Intero 
73 violations during the fiscal year, and vehicular Inspectors of the Ja] 
beetle force reported 140 int orcept ions Of auto tourists transporting unci; 
white pines from blister rust Infected States. At terminal stations the re- 
BtriCted plants were turned back to the Benders. At roadside stations they 
were seized and destroyed. California State officers reported the interception 
of European black currants arriving from Utah. New Jersey state officers 
furnished Information as to an individual hauling uncertified native white pines 
from New York state for sale. The State officers were able to check this 
tufullng. 
CEREAL AND FORAGE INSECTS 
GRASSHOPPERS 
During the fall of 193 i an extensive survey of grasshopper conditions was 
conducted In cooperation with the 18 states included in the control campaign 
Which was completed during the summer. This survey indicated a meat re- 
duction in grasshopper populations over most of the area included in the 
