BUREAU OF ENTOMOLOGY. AND PLANT QUARANTINE 41 
certificates to uninfested establishments during the fall of 1934 and until April 
15 of the spring of 1935. For the purpose of obtaining infestation data in areas 
of the State from which oat and rye straw is certified, additional counts and 
inspections were made in the northern and western sections of the State for 
possible infestation spread and population increases. 
Stubble counts for corn borer infestation were made in the less populous 
sections of Long Island by the inspector stationed in that district. In 
thoroughly canvassing the island late in tlie fall, there were examined 5 fields 
in each section and 125 stubbles in each field. Observations in connection with 
the survey showed that many of the farmers in 1934 cut their corn stubble at 
the ground level in accordance with, good corn borer control practice. This 
was particularly apparent where sandy soil had been well cultivated during 
the growing season. Not much corn is grown on the eastern end of Long 
Island, so it was with difficulty that the inspector located cornfields there for 
counts of infested stubble. Nevertheless borers were quite evident in many 
fields. The survey extended to 26 localities and included counts in 51 fields, 
with a total acreage of 307 acres. Infestations found in Nassau County ranged 
from 2.4 to 52 percent, most of the stubble showing approximately 30-percent 
infestation. The highest infestation was found in a 4-acre field of sweet corn 
at Jericho. In Suffolk County negative counts were made at West Islip and 
Lake Grove, with other points showing infestations ranging from 0.8 to 43.2 
percent. Infestation in this county is apparently heavier in the northern sec- 
tion than in the southern townships. At Southampton, the easternmost point 
to which the survey extended, 2 fields examined showed respective infesta- 
tions of 15.2 and 21.6 percent. Fields of dahlias examined as a part of the 
corn borer inspection of dahlia roots disclosed further heavy infestations of the 
borer. One field in particular at Quoque, on the eastern end of the island, 
showed an especially heavy stalk infestation. As many as 11 borers were 
taken from a medium-sized plant. 
Degrees of corn borer infestation in heavily infested sections of Connecticut 
were determined by four scouts employed by the State Agricultural Experiment 
Station. It was found that the infestation in the State equaled or exceeded 
that of 1933. Some fields evidenced 100-percent infestation. In the New 
Haven area inspection of one shipment of beets to comply with the Maine 
corn borer quarantine disclosed heavy infestation in the tops, resulting in 
refusal of certification. This condition was reported as rather general in that 
section of the State. Corn borer destruction of sweet corn was somewhat 
general throughout the State, causing the growers considerable loss. Prices 
of roasting ears harvested from infested fields were so low that some farmers 
plowed under their crop rather than harvest it at a loss. Local sweet corn 
shipped into the Boston market was more heavily infested with the corn borer 
than for several years past. A prominent Vermont canning factory appealed 
to its corn growers to practice corn borer control to insure the quality of their 
crop. Stalk infestation as high as 50 percent was observed by State nursery 
inspectors scouting on the Eastern Shore of Virginia. The borer was found 
generally established in Accomac and Northampton Counties, from the Mary- 
land line south to Cheriton. Completion of a preliminary survey of infested 
territory in Pennsylvania by entomologists of the State showed that there were 
fewer borers in the northwestern sections than in 1933. An increased in esta- 
tion was observed in most of the recently infested counties in the central and 
east-central sections. Investigations in the oldest and most heavily infested 
areas, in Erie and Crawford Counties, showed a continued decrease in borer 
population. 
BLACK STEM RUST QUARANTINE ENFORCEMENT 
The quarantine on account of the black stem rust of grains (Pucrinia 
graminis) regulates the interstate movement of barberry and Mahonia plants, 
except Berberis thunbergii, the Japanese barberry, and Its rust-immune varie- 
ties. These regulations provide that nurserymen who grow only rust -resistant 
species, as determined by inspection, may be granted permits for shipping to 
the grain-growing States of Colorado, Illinois, Indiana. Iowa. Michigan, Minne- 
sota, Montana, Nebraska. North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota. Wisconsin, and 
Wyoming. Such action is in support of the campaign waged for several years 
by the Department and the above States in destroying those barberries that 
spread the rust. Applications of 23 growers and 1 dealer were approved 
during the year, authorizing shipments under these regulations. Thirty ship- 
