5G ANNUAL BEF09TS cf DEPABTMBUT OF AfiBIOULTUBB, J 
of pollen in the hives in the fall is highly beneficial to successful winfc 
and to the production of Btrong colonies for the honey flow. Beeke* 
have long supposed that too much pollen in the hives in the fall was detri- 
mental. In connection with this work it has been found that individual 
colonies vary widely as to the quantities of pollen stored in the fall and that 
Localities also differ widely with respect to the availability of pollen. 
In cooperation with the Railway Express Agency, a preliminary study of 
the loss of package bees and queens in transit has been completed. Recom- 
mendations relative to methods of snipping and handling bees in transit have 
been put into effect, with the result that losses are now almost inconsequential, 
and beeka pers and express agencies have expressed their appreciation of the 
work of the Bureau in reducing losses. 
INSECTS AFFECTING MAN AND ANIMALS 
SCREW WORM 
During 1934 the screw worm fly spread rapidly from the relatively small 
area in southern Georgia and northern Florida infested in 1933, so that by 
the close of the summer of 1934 a large number of infestations occurred in 
the States of Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana, and a 
few in South Carolina. In the West the infestation joined with the area of 
normal mfestation in Texas and other Southwestern States. During the late 
summer and fall of 1!»."J4 the pest had increased to such proportions that its 
ravages resulted in heavy loss to the farmers and stockmen. As a result of 
urgent requests for assistance, the sum of $5,000 was transferred from another 
appropriation to aid in the direction of a campaign against this pest. The 
Emergency Relief Administration in each of the Stales of Mississippi. C.< 
and Florida also provided $7,C>00 to carry on educational and control work 
in these States. 
In order to prevent the repetition of the losses suffered in 1934, the act 
making appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1936, approved May 
17, 19:55, provided an immediately available appropria ion of $480,000. Of this 
sum, $425,000 is being used to conduct a wide-spread cooperative educational 
and control campaign in South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama. Mississippi, 
Louisiana, and southeastern Texas; and $55,000 for research work with the 
hope of developing more effective and cheaper control methods. Tin 4 primary 
screw worm fly (Gochliomyia americana C. and P.) is probably responsible 
for 00 percent or more of infestations. It breeds only in living animals and can, 
so far as known, be controlled by killing the larvae before they reach maturity. 
The control work aims, therefore, to teach livestock owners methods to prevent 
Ing their animals to the attack of the fly and how to treat animals 
thai may be Infested. To assure that the proper treatment is applied, medicine 
in sufficient quantities to treat Infested animals is furnished fr» 
On June 30, 1935, 249 men were engaged in tins work in 3-0 counties, and 
approximately 23,000 gallons of pine-tar oil and 15,000 gallons o\ benzol had 
been distributed to these counties. 
studies have been continued on the biologies ami habits of both specie 
Worm Hies and also of related blowflies. B -nits of investigate 
tin- parasites and predators of the immature stages of the secondary 
worm fly (Cochliomyia maceUaria Fab.) Indicate that artificial propagation of 
lUCh insects offers a means of reducing screw worm Infestations in wildlife. 
HOBS! ROTS 
Investigations on methods for controlling stomach bots of horses have 
developed an effective treatment for destroying the Infective larvae I 
philus tnteatinalia DeGeer which remain in tin 4 eggs attached to tin 1 hair of 
the animal for a considerable period after ovlposition has ceased. The method, 
which consists Bimply in bathing the Infested portion of the host with water 
at a temperature of 11S° P., is particularly valuable in supplementing the 
bon dISUlphide treatment in the fall of the year. 
STABLE ri v 
Certain modifications incorporated in the type of trap winch operates by 
animals walking through it give promise of greatly reducing the annoy- 
ance to livestock caused by the stable fly. Preliminary study of the breeding 
