90 CLASSIFICATION OF THE ALEYRODIDJE. 
lar contents are plainly visible: stalk dark brown, attached a little 
to one side. 
Pupa case. — Size about 1.45 by 1 mm.; seen from above ovoid in 
outline, narrower cephalad, the dorsum almost flat ; vasif orm orifice 
depressed. Case raised on a relatively high vertical fringe of dirt}' 
white wax, which varies in height according to age, in mature speci- 
mens reaching as high as two-thirds diameter of case (PI. XXXIII, 
figs. 2 and 6). Dorsum covered with a plate of dirty white wax of 
a granular structure, the vasiform orifice being naked and the body 
segments more or less evident. There is a shallow and broad longi- 
tudinal depression in the wax plate, with an evident central keel. 
Denuded of wax plate, and examined under microscope, the outer 
third of dorsum all around is seen to be of a coarsely granular struc- 
ture, which is absent on the more central dorsal disk. (PL XXXIII, 
fig. 4.) The granular structures or markings in the derm vary 
greatly in size and outline, and are apparently wax-secreting in 
function. Margin of case Meflexed (PI. XXXIII, fig. 5), ending in 
a rim all around of large wax tubes, which may be seen through 
the derm above ; apparent margin of case crenulate, due to granula- 
tions above mentioned; on caudal margin there are three pairs of 
spines of which the central pair is strongest ; color variable. Mature 
specimens in the fall are generally dark brown and blackish, with 
large, irregular, semitransparent spots in the derm, usually three on 
caudal end, three on cephalic end, and one on each side. There is 
also usually a similar spot just cephalad of vasiform orifice, and one 
on the first and second abdominal segments near median line. In 
the latitude of Washington, and probabty elsewhere, there are two 
broods of pupae each season; the insect winters in the pupal condi- 
tion on the fallen leaves. Pupae of the first or early summer brood- 
are almost colorless and do not show the dark coloration above 
mentioned. 
Vasiform orifice (PI. XXXIII, fig. 3) small, cordate, not quite 
as wide as long; sides and caudal margin rounded; lingula not ox- 
tended beyond orifice, spatulate, the basal portion unusually thick 
and stout, minutely setose, and bearing distally a pair of spines. 
Extending caudad to margin of case from orifice is a broad and 
widening depression or furrow. On ventral surface the stubby, 
rudimentary legs are easily discernible; they are two-jointed, disk- 
like at tips. 
Adult {female).— Length about 1.5 mm.; length of forewing (PI. 
XXX III. fig. 7) 1.7 mm.; width 0.8 to 0.0 mm.; length of hind tibia 
0.66 mm.; length of basal tarsal joint 0.15 mm.: length of distal tarsal 
joint 0.107 nun.: :infenn:i (fig. 8) 0.42 nun. long; third joint 0.16mm. 
long; joints IV to VII inclusive 0.2 mm. in length; joint II subpyri- 
