appearing in the late summer and fall. The plants are from 1 to 4 
feet in height. 
It is found widely distributed in the eastern United States and as 
far west as Minnesota, Oklahoma, Nebraska, and Louisiana. Its 
favorite habitat is in rich soil of damp woods. It is abundant in 
the groves along the watercourses of the Middle States and grows 
with especial profusion in the so-called coves, or damp, shaded 
ravines, of the northern slopes of the Southern Appalachians. It is 
by no means, however, confined to shaded situations, for it sometimes 
grows in masses on cleared hillsides in the open. 
It is most commonly known as white snakeroot. Other names 
which have been applied to it are white sanicle, Indian sanicle, 
deerwort, boneset, poolwort, poolroot, rich weed, squaw weed, white 
top, and steria. 
The common thoroughwort, Ewpatorium p'erfollatum L., which 
grows in similar localities, but usually on soils with more moisture, is 
readily distinguished from E. urtiea folium, as it is a coarser plant 
and the leaves are long, narrow, rugrose, and, as the name indicates, 
are without petioles and united around the stem. 
EFFECTS OF EUPATORIUM POISONING. 
The most noticeable symptom and perhaps the most typical is 
trembling, which is seen especially in the muscles about the nose and 
in those of the legs. This becomes marked after exercise, and may be 
violent, ending in the animal falling to the ground. In some cases 
trembling is the first symptom noted, but in others there is a pre- 
ceding period of marked depression and inactivity. 
Most cases are constipated and some have bloody feces. 
Generally when fed intensively the animals are nauseated, and this 
is sometimes accompanied with vomiting. 
The respiration is normal except that it is quickened and some- 
what labored during exertion. 
In the average of cases there are no significant changes in tem- 
perature. 
Weakness is very pronounced. The animals have difficulty in 
standing, and sometimes remain down for a prolonged period before 
death. Sometimes the animals live several days after the appear- 
ance of the first symptoms. 
It will be noticed that these symptoms correspond very closely to 
those popularly considered typical of milk sickness. 
The autopsies are characterized by a congested small intestine and 
an abnormal condition of the liver. 
