3 - 
Fine derris powder v/as extracted successively with five solvents, 
namely, petrole-om ether, ether, chlorofonn, alcohol, and water, in five 
different sequences. Water used as the primary solvent extracted 10,80 
percent of the material. The extracts and the marcs were added to honey 
ar^d fed to honey "bees, At)i s inellifera L. The extracts wore dissolved in 
alcohol (0,4 gram in 10 cc. of 95-perccnt alcohol), and 1/4 cc. of this 
solution was mixed with 5 cc. of honey. The water extract had no effect on 
the "bcGs tested and the powder exhausted with water killed 34 percent of 
the "bees within 48 hours. All the other extracts, whether ohtained with the 
use of heat or without it, were almost equally toxic to honey 1)003. 
Similar results were ottaincd hy using the same extracts against 
aphids, fall v/clDworms, Hyphantria cunca Drury , and tussock-moth cater- 
pillars, Hcmcrocampa I cucor.tigma A. and S. The filtered water extract 
from the powder of derris killed only a small percentage of the aphids 
spra;cd, while the non-filtered sioray mixtures, consisting of powder and 
soap solution, wore efficient againpt aphids. The powders exhausted with 
ether, chloroform, and alcohol ho-d ver^- little effect on hecs (l/s gr::^jn 
of pov/dcr mixed with 5 cc, of honey). 
To determine whether any poisonous volatile substance can be 
removed from derris "by steajn distillation, 50 grams of the powder were 
so treated and the distillate collected. Later some of this distillate 
and a portion of the distilled powder, after it had been dried, were 
tested on silitworms. The distillate had no effect whatever, but the powder 
was as poisonous as ever. 
Various species of derris (roots and stems) were extracted vdth 
hot denatured alcohol. The percentage of extract ranged from 8.5 to 
22.5 percent, 
Yellov/ish-white platelike crystals, m, p. 170 C. , [-probably im- 
pure rotcnone] were obtained by extracting derris root with boilin.^ water 
according to the procedure of Van Sillcvoldt. 
A dilute alcoholic solution of these crystals, as well as the 
alcoholic solution of the resin from which the crystals had been separated, 
was fo'ond to be very toxic to fish, A subcutaneous injection of 0,66 mg, 
of the cr^'stals was fatal to a mouse in 2 hours. 
Resinous materials obtained by alcoholic extraction of the roots 
were tested on chinook salmon and found to be exceedingly toxic. When 
sprayed on foliage these resins killed from 54.4 to 92.3 percent of small 
tent caterpillars. 
The roots of tuba were ground as fine as their fibrous nature v/ould 
permit, and 200 gm. of this powder were macerated for 2 days with a qu.an- 
tity o£ cold water. After the mixture hcd been filtered, the water extract 
measured 600 cc, , each cc, representing l/3 gm. of the roots. Half of this 
cold-water extract v/as tested on small tent caterpillars; within 8 days 
only 30,9 percent of thorn had died. 
